Pathogen isolation and antibiogram analysis in dairy cows with clinical mastitis in Adana region, Turkey

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogen types in milk samples of cows with clinical mastitis and the sensitivity of isolated bacteria to various antibacterial drugs, in Adana region, Turkey. The study was carried out on 103 milk samples collected from dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Microbiological identification and isolation were performed to identify gram negative and gram positive bacteria, Mycoplasma bovis and fungi. Then, bacteria isolated from infected milks were subjected to in vitro antibiotic sensitivity testing, using 27 antimicrobials agents. As a result, a total of 146 microorganisms isolates were obtained from 103 milk samples. The predominant pathogen isolates recovered were fungi (21.9%), Escherichia coli (19.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13.7%), followed by Mycoplasma bovis (8.2%) and Streptococcus uberis (6.8%). The mixed predominant pathogen was fungi, (75%) the majority of which mixed with gram positive bacteria. Ampicillin, imipenem, Chloramphenicol and Streptomycin were the least effective antimicrobial agents, while the most effective antibiotics were Florfenicol, followed by Amikacin and Kanamycin / Cefalexin. In conclusion, the types of microorganisms that cause mastitis and the antibiogram results of the bacteria isolated varied. Most importantly, fungal mastitis is a serious problem, should always be considered before routine antibiotic therapy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiogram
• clinical mastitis
• Cow
• pathogen isolation

Kaynakça

1. Abebe R, Hatiya H, Abera M, Megersa B, Asmare K. (2016) Bovine mastitis: prevalence, risk factors and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds at Hawassa milk shed, South Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res, 12, 1-11.
2. Ayvazoğlu Demir P, Eşki F. (2019) Estimate by Quantitative Methods of the Effect on Some Milk Yield Traits with CMT Score of Subclinic Mastitis in Cows: Pilot Study. Van Vet J, 30, 177-182.
3. Baştan A, Kaçar C, Acar DB, Şahin M, Cengiz M. (2008) Investigation of the incidence and diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in early lactation period cows. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci, 32, 119-121.
4. Bauer AW. (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am J Clin, 45, 149-158.
5. Bhat AM, Soodan JS, Singh R, Dhobi IA, Hussain T, Dar MY, Mir M. (2017) Incidence of bovine clinical mastitis in Jammu region and antibiogram of isolated pathogens. Vet World, 10, 984-989.
6. Bradley AJ. (2002) Bovine mastitis: an evolving disease. Vet J, 164, 116-128.
7. Charaya G, Sharma A, Kumar A, Singh M, Goel P. (2014) Pathogens isolated from clinical mastitis in Murrah buffaloes and their antibiogram. Vet World, 7, 980-985.
8. Dalanezi FM, Joaquim SF, Guimarães FF, Guerra ST, Lopes BC, Schmidt EMS, Cerri RLA, Langoni H. (2020) Influence of pathogens causing clinical mastitis on reproductive variables of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 103, 3648-3655.

9. Demir P, Derbentli Ö, Sakarya E. (2012) Measurement the Efficiency of Dairies in the Kars Province with Data Envelopment Analysis. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 18, 169-17622.
10. Du J, Wang X, Luo H, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhou X. (2018) Epidemiological investigation of non-albicans Candida species recovered from mycotic mastitis of cows in Yinchuan, Ningxia of China. BMC Vet Res, 14, 1-9.
11. Dubie T, Sisay T, Gebru M, Muktar Y. (2015) An insight review on the role of fungi in mastitis of dairy animals and its economical importance. J Vet Sci Photon, 116, 440-445.
12. Eldesouky I, Mohamed N, Khalaf D, Salama A, Elsify A, Ombarak R, Elballal S, Effat M, Alshabrawy M. (2016) Candida mastitis in dairy cattle with molecular detection of Candida albicans. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 22, 461-464.
13. Etifu M, Tilahun M. (2019) Prevalence of bovine mastitis, risk factors, isolation and anti-bio gram of major pathogens in Mid Rift valley, Ethiopia. IJLP, 10, 14-23.
14. Fox LK, Gay JM. (1993) Contagious mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 9, 475-487.
15. Fujimoto Y, Ito H, Higuchi H, Ohno H, Makita K. (2020) A case-control study of herd-and cow-level risk factors associated with an outbreak of Mycoplasma mastitis in Nemuro, Japan. Prev Vet Med, 177, 1-9.
16. Green MJ, Green LE, Medley GF, Schukken YH, Bradley AJ. (2002) Influence of dry period bacterial intramammary infection on clinical mastitis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 85, 2589-2599.
17. Guimarães JLB, Brito MAVP, Lange CC, Silva MR, Ribeiro JB, Mendonça LC, Mendonça JFM, Souza GN. (2017) Estimate of the economic impact of mastitis: A case study in a Holstein dairy herd under tropical conditions. Prev Vet Med, 142, 46-50.
18. He W, Ma S, Lei L, He J, Li X, Tao J, Wang X, Song S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shen J, Cai C, Wu C. (2020) Prevalence, etiology, and economic impact of clinical mastitis on large dairy farms in China. Vet Microbiol, 242, 1-7.
19. Hogan JS, Gonzalez RN, Harmon RJ, Nickerson SC, Oliver SP, Pankey JW, Smith KL, Hogan J, Armas-Portela R, Harmon R, Nickerson SC, Oliver S, Pankey J. (1999) Laboratory handbook on bovine mastitis. National Mastitis Council, Madison, Wisconsin.
20. Ismail ZB. (2017) Molecular characteristics, antibiogram and prevalence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MDRSA) isolated from milk obtained from culled dairy cows and from cows with acute clinical mastitis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 7, 694-697.
21. Jasm Mohammed S, Yassein SN. (2020) Characterization of some virulence factors of candida albicans isolated from subclinical bovıne mastitis. Plant Arch, 20, 238-242.
22. Käppeli N, Morach M, Zurfluh K, Corti S, Nüesch-Inderbinen M, Stephan R. (2019) Sequence types and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Streptococcus uberis isolated from bovine mastitis. Front Vet Sci, 6, 1-7.
23. Krukowski H, Saba L. (2003) Bovine mycotic mastitis. Folia Vet, 47, 3-7.
24. Krukowski H, Tietze M, Majewski T, Różański P. (2001) Survey of yeast mastitis in dairy herds of small-type farms in the Lublin region, Poland. Mycopathologia, 150, 5-7.
25. Kurjogi MM, Kaliwal BB. (2011) Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis. Adv Appl Sci Res, 2, 229-235.
26. Liu Y, Xu S, Li M, Zhou, M, Huo W, Gao J, Liu G, Kastelic JP, Han B. (2020) Molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Mycoplasma bovis associated with mastitis on dairy farms in China. Prev Vet Med, 182, 1-9.
27. Luoreng ZM, Wan X.P, Mei CG, Zan LS. (2018) Comparison of microRNA profiles between bovine mammary glands infected with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Sci, 14, 87-99.
28. Mohanty NN, Das P, Pany SS, Sarangi LN, Ranabijuli S, Panda HK. (2013) Isolation and antibiogram of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli isolates from clinical and subclinical cases of bovine mastitis. Vet World, 6, 739-743.
29. Nicholas RA, Fox LK, Lysnyansky I. (2016) Mycoplasma mastitis in cattle: To cull or not to cull. Vet J, 216, 142-147.
30. Pachauri S, Varshney P, Dash SK, Gupta MK. (2013) Involvement of fungal species in bovine mastitis in and around Mathura, India. Vet World, 6, 393-395.
31. Parker AM, Sheehy PA, Hazelton MS, Bosward KL, House JK. (2018) A review of mycoplasma diagnostics in cattle. J Vet Intern Med, 32, 1241-1252.
32. Phuektes P, Mansell PD, Dyson RS, Hooper ND, Dick S, Browning GF. (2001) Molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus uberis isolates from dairy cows with mastitis. J Clin Microbiol, 39, 1460-1466.
33. Pitkala A, Haveri M, Pyörala S, Myllys V, Honkanen-Buzalski T. (2004) Bovine mastitis in Finland 2001—prevalence, distribution of bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance. J Dairy Sci, 87, 2433-2441.
34. Rahman MM, Fakhruzzaman M, Rahman M, Khaton R, Iqbal SM, Sharmin S, Islam MH. (2018) Isolation, identification and antibiogram study of Escherichia coli from the cases of mastitis. BLJ, 1, 1-6.
35. Rainard P, Foucras G, Fitzgeral J.R, Watts JL, Koop G, Middleton JR. (2018) Knowledge gaps and research priorities in Staphylococcus aureus mastitis control. Transbound Emerg Dis, 65, 149-165.
36. Rajala-Schultz PJ, Smith KL, Hogan JS, Love BC. (2004) Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens from first lactation and older cows. Vet Microbiol, 102, 33-42.
37. Smith KL, Hogan JS. (1993) Environmental mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract, 9, 489-498.
38. Sundrum A. (2015) Metabolic disorders in the transition period indicate that the dairy cows’ ability to adapt is overstressed. Animals, 5, 978-1020.
39. Taponen S, Liski E, Heikkilä AM, Pyörälä S. (2017) Factors associated with intramammary infection in dairy cows caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis, or Escherichia coli. J Dairy Sci, 100, 493-503.
40. Tenhagen BA, Köster G, Wallmann J, Heuwieser W. (2006) Prevalence of mastitis pathogens and their resistance against antimicrobial agents in dairy cows in Brandenburg, Germany. J Dairy Sci, 89, 2542-2551.
41. Twomey DP, Wheelock AI, Flynn J, Meaney WJ, Hill C, Ross RP. (2000) Protection against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cows using a bismuth-based teat seal containing the bacteriocin, lacticin. J Dairy Sci, 83, 1981-1988.
42. Wawron W, Bochniarz M, Piech T. (2010) Yeast mastitis in dairy cows in the middle-eastern part of Poland. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy, 5, 201-204.
43. Zaragoza CS, Olivares RAC, Watty AD, Moctezuma AL, Tanaca LV. (2011) Yeasts isolation from bovine mammary glands under different mastitis status in the Mexican High Plateu. Rev Iberoam Micol, 28, 79-82.
44. Zhou Y, Ren Y, Fan C, Shao H, Zhang Z, Mao W, Wei C, Ni H, Zhu Z, Hou X, Piao F, Cui Y. (2013) Survey of mycotic mastitis in dairy cows from Heilongjiang Province, China. Trop Anim Health Prod, 45, 1709-1714.