Çok Yönlü Hayvan Yetiştiriciliğinde Karma Yem ve Yem Hammaddelerinden Kaynaklanan Olumsuzluk Faktörlerinin Araştırılması 1.Türkiye'de Üretilen veya İthal Edilen Yem ve Yem Hammaddelerinin Mikotoksinlerle Kirlenme Durumunun Araştırılması

Öz

Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de üretilen veya ithal edilen öneınli bazı yem hammaddeleri ve karma yemlerde mikatoksin kalıntılarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için, Nisan 1993- Nisan 1995 dönemi arasındaki Türkiye'nin 7 bölgesinde faaliyette bulunan 48 yem fabrikasından düzenli aralıklarla 1200 yem ve yem hammaddeleri örneği sağlanmıştır. Bu maddeler İTK yöntemle aflakotsin, okratoksin A, sterigmatosistin, patulin, diasetoksiskirpenol_, zearalenon, sitrinin kalıntıları bakımından analiz edilmişlerdir. Örneklerden %1.08 'inin mikatoksin kalıntısı içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Bunlardan %0.41 'inin AFB1 %0.08 'inin AFB2 ,%0. 16 'sınınAFGP %58' inin okratoksin A, %0.08 'inin zearelenon ve %0.08 ' inindiasetoksiskirpenol içerdiği hesaplanmıştır. Yan ince yem hammaddelerin çeşidine göre mikotoksinlerle kirlenme sıklığının mısır örneklerinde %1.8, ayçiçeği küspesinde %2.56, damızlık tavuk yeminde %1.2, yumurtacı tavuk yeminde %2.85, etlik piliç yeminde %1.29, besi yeminde %4.7, süt hayvanı yeminde %2olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kirlenme durumunun yıllara göre değişimi dikkatealındığında, kirlenme sıklığının 1993, 1994 ve 1995 yıllarında sırasıyla %2.27,0.43 ve 0.00 olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Kirlenme durumunun yıllar itibariyle mevsimlere göre sıklığının kış 1993 'de %2.7 ve ilk bahar 1994 'de %1.1 olduğu hesaplandı; diğer mevsimlerde elde edilen örneklerde mikatoksin kalıntısı . bulunamamıştır. Mikotoksinlerle kirlenme sıklığının bölgelere göre dağılımının Ege bölgesinde %1.42, İç Anadolu'da %1.2 ve Güneydoğu Anadolu'da %2.52 olduğu ve diğer bölgelerden sağlanan örneklerin mikatoksin kalıntısı içermediği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma bulgularının analiz edilen yem ve yem hammaddelerindeki mikatoksin kirliliğinin çeşit, sıklık ve düzey olarak çok düşük olduğunu , insan ve hayvan sağlığı için herhangi bir olumsuzluğa yol açacak boyutta olmadağını gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hayvan
• Yetiştirici
• Yem
• Karma Yem
• Yem Hammaddeleri
• Mikotoksinler
• Sezai KAYA
• Yusuf ŞANLI
• Ender YARSAN
• Aysel ÖZSOY
• Rauf AKKAYA
• Ali BİLGİLİ
• 1996
• Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi

Investigation Of Unfavourable Factors Occuring In Feedstuffs and Mixed Feeds In Multipurpose Animal Rearing; 1. Investigaton Of Contamination Status With Mycotoxins In Feedstuffs and Mixed Feeds Produced Or Importet In Turkey

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the levels of mycotoxin residues in important feeds and feedstuffs, imported or produced in Turkey. 1200 feeds and feedstuffs samples were obtained regulary from 48 factory working in 7 region of Turkey, between April ı993-April 1995. The samples were analyzed by TLC method, to find out the aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, sterigmatosistin, patulin, diacetoxyscirpenol, zearenalone and citrinin residues. Of 1200 feeds and feedstuffs, 1.08 percent ofthe samples were contained mycotoxin residues. The disribution ofmycotoxins were as follows; 0.4ı percent AFBI' 0,08 percent AFGB2 , 0,16 percent AFGI' 0,58 ochratoxin A, 0,08 percent zearelone and 0.08 percent diacetoxiskirpenol. Contamination ineidence of mycotoxin residues in feeds and feedstuffs sorts were as follows; com samples 1.8 percent, broiler breeding feeds 1.2 percent, sunflower bagasse 2.56 percent, laying hen feed 2.85 percent, fattened broiler feed 1.29 percent, fattening feed 4.7 percent, milk producing feed 2 percent According to the results ofinduvidual analysis, it was determined that the levels ofmycotoxin residues as follows: AFB1 8-320 ppm, AFB2 240 ppm, AFG14-10 ppm, OA 80-7000 ppm and sterigmatosistin ıooo ppm. The variation of the pollution ineidence by years calculated as follows; in 1993, 2.27 percent in 1994, 0.43 percent in 1995, 0.00 percent The seasonal variation of the pollution by years was calculated as follows; winter 1993, 2. 7 percent, sp ring 1994, 1.1 percent, and the samples provided in the other seasons were not contained mycotoxin residues. The distribution of the mycotoxin residues by regions were as follows; Aegean Region, 1.42 percent, Interior Anatolia, 1.2 percent, South-Eastem Anatolia 2.52 percent, and other regions were not containing mycotox.in residues. The mycotoxin pollution in the analyzed feeds and feedstuffs were very low as variety, ineidence and !eve!, and it was resulted that the !eve! of the mycotox.in residues were not able to influence the human and animal health.

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