Viral Enfeksiyonlar ile Mücadelede En Hızlı Silahlardan Biri: Antiserum/Plazma Tedavisi

Yıl 2021, , 185 - 190, 30.12.2021

Bahattin Taylan Koç , Kadir Serdar Diker

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.952355

Öz

SARS-CoV-2’nin neden olduğu COVID-19 pandemisi, bulunduğumuz zaman diliminde hızla dünya popülasyonu arasında yayılmaya devam etmektedir. 2020 yılı ve 2021 yılı başlarında ortaya çıkan yeni mutant ve varyantlar virusa karşı mücadelede handikaplar yaratmaktadır. Özellikle akut enfekte olan bireylerde tedavi için acil olarak kullanılan ilaçların tam olarak standardize edilememesi bilim dünyasını bu salgın ve gelecekteki salgınlar için arayışlara yöneltmiştir. Bu araştırmalarda tarihte elde edilen kanıtlara ve verilere dayalı olarak bazı uygulamalar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu uygulamalardan en çok bilineni ve tarihte hemen her virus salgınında acil olarak tedavide kullanılan yöntem “antiserum” ya da “konvelesan plazma tedavisi”dir. Bu tedavi biçiminde amaç; iyileşen hastanın serum/plazmasında bulunan nötralizan antikorlar hasta olan bireye verilerek virusun nötralize edilmesini sağlamaktır. Antiserum ve konvelesan plazma tedavisinin transfüzyonel bazlı olup bireye ve/veya ürüne bağlı bazı yan etkilerinin ortaya çıkabilme ihtimali ve nötralizan antikor içeriği bakımından serumun standardize edilememe gibi majör sorunları mevcuttur. Bu yüzden COVID-19 salgınında bilim insanları daha spesifik olarak SARS-CoV-2’ye karşı monoklonal antikor üreterek ve yan etkileri mümkün olduğunca minimize ederek hedefe kilitlenen bir tedavi yöntemi geliştirmeyi hedeflemişlerdir. Elde edilen monoklonal antikorlar farklı farklı olabilmektedir. Bu monoklonal antikorların belli oranda karıştırılarak hastaya verilmesine “antikor kokteyli” tedavisi denir.
Geleneksel yöntem antiserum-plazma tedavisi başta olmak üzere antikor bazlı yeni nesil ilaçlar geçmişteki salgınlarda ve COVID-19 pandemisinde kullanımları, elde edilen sonuçlar bu makalede derlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antiserum, COVID-19, Plazma, SARS-CoV-2, Virus

One of the Fastest Weapons against Viral Infections: Antiserum/Plasma Therapy

Öz

COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread rapidly among the world population in the recent time period. New mutants and variants that emerged in 2020 and early 2021 create handicaps in the struggle against the virus. The inability to fully standardize the drugs used urgently for treatment, especially in acutely infected individuals, has led the scientific world to search for this epidemic and future epidemics. In these studies, some applications come to the forefront based on the evidence and data obtained in history. The most well-known of these applications and the method used in the emergency treatment of almost every virus epidemic in history is "antiserum" or "convalescent plasma therapy". In this form of treatment, the aim is; Neutralizing antibodies in the serum/plasma of the recovered patient are given to the sick individual to ensure that the virus is neutralized. Antiserum and convalescent plasma therapy are transfusion-based and have major problems such as the possibility of some side effects depending on the individual and/or product, and the inability to standardize the serum in terms of neutralizing antibody content. Therefore, in the COVID-19 epidemic, scientists aimed to develop a targeted treatment method, more specifically by producing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and minimizing side effects as much as possible. Obtained monoclonal antibodies can be different. The administration of these monoclonal antibodies to the patient by mixing them in a certain ratio is called “antibody cocktail” therapy.
The use of antibody-based new-generation drugs, especially the traditional method antiserum-plasma therapy, in past epidemics and the COVID-19 pandemic, and the results obtained are compiled in this article.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antiserum, COVID-19, Plasma, SARS-CoV-2, Virus

Kaynakça

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