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Enterokokların önemli virülens faktörleri ve gıdalarda bulunuşu

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 47 - 52, 15.12.2014

Öz

Enterokoklar, insan ve çiftlik hayvanlarının doğal bağırsak florasında, toprak, su ve gıdalarda bulunabilen Gram
pozitif mikroorganizmalardır. Patojen enterokoklar, sitolizin, agregasyon faktörü, jelatinaz, hyaluronidaz gibi insan
sağlığı açısından önemli birçok virülens faktöründen bir veya birkaçına sahiptir. Gıda kaynaklı ve nozokomiyal enterokok
infeksiyonlarının gelişiminde; intrinsik ve kazanılmış çoklu antibiyotik direnci önemli rol teşkil etmektedir.
Enterokoklar fekal yolla çiğ et ve süt başta olmak üzere taze gıdalara bulaşabilmekte, ayrıca ısıya relatif direncinden
dolayı ısı işlemi görmüş gıdalarda da gıda hijyeni açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Bensing BA, Dunny GM, (1993). Cloning and molecular analysis of genes affecting expression of binding substance, the recipient-encoded receptor(s) mediating mating aggregate formation in Enterococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol. 175, 7421-7429.
  • Biavasco F, Foglia G, Paoletti C, Zandri G, Magi G, Guaglianone E, Sundsfjord A, Pruzzo C, Donelli G, Facinelli B, (2007). VanA-Type enterococci from humans, animals, and food: species distribution, population structure, Tn1546 typing and location, and virulence determinants. Appl Environ Microbiol. 73, 3307-3319.
  • Citak S, Yucel N, Mendi A, (2005). Antibiotic resistance of enterococcal isolates in raw milk. J Food Process Pres. 29, 183-195.
  • Clewell DB, (1993). Bacterial sex pheromone-induced plasmid transfer. Cell. 73, 9-12.
  • Cox CR, Coburn PS, Gılmore MS, (2005). Enterococcal cytolysin: a novel two component peptide system that serves as a bacterial defense against eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 6, 77-84.
  • Eaton TJ, Gasson MJ, (2001). Molecular screening of Enterococcus virulence determinants and potential for genetic exchange between food and medical isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol. 67, 1628-1635.
  • Fabretti F, Theilacker C, Baldassarri L, Zbigniew Kaczynski Z, Kropec A, Holst O, Huebner J, (2006). Alanine esters of enterococcal lipoteichoic acid play a role in biofilm formation and resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Infect Immun. 74, 4164-4171.
  • Fisher K, Phillips, C. (2009). The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. Microbiology. 155, 1749- 1757.
  • Foulquié Moreno MR, Sarantinopoulos P, Tsakalidou E, De Vuyst L, (2006). The role and application of enterococci in food and health. Int J Food Microbiol. 106, 1-24.
  • Franz CMAP, Holzapfel WH, Stiles ME, (1999). Enterococci at the crossroads of food safety. Int J Food Microbiol. 47, 1-24.
  • Giraffa G, (2002). Enterococci from foods. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 26, 163-171.
  • Göncüoğlu M, Bilir Ormancı FS, Kasımoğlu Doğru A, (2009). Beyaz peynir üretiminde Enterococcus faecium’un starter kültür olarak kullanılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 56, 249-254.
  • Hällgren A, Claesson C, Saeedi B, Monstein HJ, Hanberger H, Nilsson LE, (2009). Molecular detection of aggregation substance, enterococcal surface protein, and cytolysin genes and in vitro adhesion to urinary catheters of Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium of clinical origin. Int J Med Microbiol. 299, 323-332.
  • Jankoska G, Trajkovska-Dokic E, Panovski N, Popovska-Jovanovska K, Petrovska M, (2008). Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from urine samples. Prilozi. 29, 57-66.
  • Jett BD, Huycke MM, Gilmore MS, (1994). Virulence of enterococci. Clin Microbiol Rev. 7, 462-478.
  • Kasimoglu Dogru A, Gencay YE, Ayaz ND, (2010). Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus species in chicken at slaughter level; absence of vanA and vanB genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium. Res Vets Sci. 89, 153-158.
  • Kayaoglu G, Ørstavik D, (2004). Virulence Factors of Enterococcus faecalis: Relationship to Endodontic Disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 15, 308-320.
  • Klare I, Konstabel C, Badstübner D, Werner G, Witte W, (2003). Occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistances in Enterococcus faecium. Int J Food Microbiol. 88, 269- 290.
  • Koch S, Hufnagel M, Theilacker C, Huebner J, (2004). Enterococcal infections: host response, therapeutic, and prophylactic possibilities. Vaccine. 22, 822-830.
  • Low YL, Jakubovics NS, Flatman JC, Jenkinson HF, Smith AW, (2003). Manganese-dependent regulation of the endocarditis-associated virulence factor EfaA of Enterococcus faecalis. J Med Microbiol. 52, 113-119.
  • Lowe AM, Lambert PA, Smith AW, (1995). Cloning of an Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen: homology with adhesins from some oral streptococci. Infect Immun. 63, 703-706.
  • Mohamed JA, Huang DB, (2007). Biofilm formation by enterococci. J Med Microbiol. 56, 1581-1588.
  • Mundy LM, Sahm DF, Gilmore M, (2000). Relationships between enterococcal virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 13, 513-522.
  • Murray BE, (1998). Diversity among multidrug-resistant enterococci. Emerg Infect Dis. 4, 37-47.
  • Necidová L, Janštová B, Karpíšková S, Cupáková ŠM, Dušková M, Karpíšková R, (2009). Importance of Enterococcus spp. for Forming a Biofilm. Czech J Food Sci. 27, S354-S356.
  • Oancea C, Klare I, Witte W, Werner G, (2004). Conjugative transfer of the virulence gene, esp, among isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 54, 232-235.
  • Petsaris O, Miszczak F, Gicquel Bruneau M, Perrin Guyomard A, Humbert F, Sanders P, Leclercq R, (2005). Combined antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus fae cium isolated from chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol. 71, 2796-2799.
  • Sannomiya P, Craig RA, Clewell DB, Suzuki A, Fujino M, Till GO, Marasco WA, (1990). Characterization of a class of nonformylated Enterococcus faecalis-derived neutrophil chemotactic peptides: the sex pheromones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87, 66-70.
  • Shi X, Zhu X, (2009). Biofilm formation and food safety in food industries. Trends Food Sci Technol. 20, 407-413.
  • Sillanpää J, Prakash VP, Nallapareddy SR, Murray BE, (2009). Distribution of genes encoding MSCRAMMs and pili in clinical and natural populations of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 47, 896-901.
  • Sood S, Malhotra M, Das BK, Kapil A, (2008). Enterococcal infections & antimicrobial resistance. Indian J Med Res. 128, 111-121.
  • Tendolkar PM, Baghdayan AS, Gilmore MS, Shankar N, (2004). Enterococcal surface protein, Esp, Enhances Biofilm Formation by Enterococcus faecalis. Infect Immun. 72, 6032-6039.
  • Tendolkar PM, Baghdayan AS, Shankar N, (2003). Pathogenic enterococci: new developments in the 21st century. Cell Mol Life Sci. 60, 2622-2636.
  • Trivedi K, Cupakova S, Karpiskova R, (2011). Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolated from food-stuffs. Veterinarni Medicina, 56, 352-357.
  • Vankerckhove NV, Autgaerden TV, Vael C, Lammens C, Chapelle S, Rossi R, Jabes D, Goossens H, (2004). Development of a multiplex PCR for the detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl genes in enterococci and survey for virulence determinants among european hospital isolates of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 42, 4473-4479.
  • Vankerckhoven V, Huys G, Vancanneyt M, Snauwaert C, Swings J, Klare I, Witte W, Van Autgaerden T, Chapelle S, Lammens C, Goossens H, (2008). Genotypic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors of human isolates and probiotic cultures constituting two intraspecific groups of Enterococcus faecium isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol. 74, 4247-4255.
  • Vignolo G, Palacios J, Farias ME, Sesma F, Schillinger U, Holzapfel W, Oliver G, (2000). Combined effect of bacteriocins on the survival of various Listeria species in broth and meat system. Curr Microbiol. 41, 410-416.
  • Upadhyaya GPM, Ravikumar KL, Umapathy BL, (2009). Review of virulence factors of Enterococcus: an emerging nosocomial pathogen. Int J Med Microbiol. 27, 301-305.
  • Xu Y, Singh KV, Qin X, Murray BE, Weinstock GM, (2000). Analysis of a gene cluster of Enterococcus faecalis involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. Infect Immun. 68, 815-823.

Important virulence factors of enterococci and presence in foods

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 47 - 52, 15.12.2014

Öz

Enterococci are ubiquitous Gram-positive bacteria that inhabit intestinal flora of healthy humans and animals,
soil, surface water and food. Pathogenic enterococci have one or more of the virulence factors such as cytolysin,
aggregation substance, gelatinase, hyaluronidase and etc., which are important for human health. Withal intrinsic and
acquired resistance ability to multiple antibiotics, constitutes an important role in the development of nosocomial and
foodborne enterococcal infections. Enterococci can be transmitted to fresh foods including raw meat and milk via fecal
contamination. As they have relative resistance of heat they can survive in heat-treated foods and for this reason they
are important for food hygiene.

Kaynakça

  • Bensing BA, Dunny GM, (1993). Cloning and molecular analysis of genes affecting expression of binding substance, the recipient-encoded receptor(s) mediating mating aggregate formation in Enterococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol. 175, 7421-7429.
  • Biavasco F, Foglia G, Paoletti C, Zandri G, Magi G, Guaglianone E, Sundsfjord A, Pruzzo C, Donelli G, Facinelli B, (2007). VanA-Type enterococci from humans, animals, and food: species distribution, population structure, Tn1546 typing and location, and virulence determinants. Appl Environ Microbiol. 73, 3307-3319.
  • Citak S, Yucel N, Mendi A, (2005). Antibiotic resistance of enterococcal isolates in raw milk. J Food Process Pres. 29, 183-195.
  • Clewell DB, (1993). Bacterial sex pheromone-induced plasmid transfer. Cell. 73, 9-12.
  • Cox CR, Coburn PS, Gılmore MS, (2005). Enterococcal cytolysin: a novel two component peptide system that serves as a bacterial defense against eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Curr Protein Pept Sci. 6, 77-84.
  • Eaton TJ, Gasson MJ, (2001). Molecular screening of Enterococcus virulence determinants and potential for genetic exchange between food and medical isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol. 67, 1628-1635.
  • Fabretti F, Theilacker C, Baldassarri L, Zbigniew Kaczynski Z, Kropec A, Holst O, Huebner J, (2006). Alanine esters of enterococcal lipoteichoic acid play a role in biofilm formation and resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Infect Immun. 74, 4164-4171.
  • Fisher K, Phillips, C. (2009). The ecology, epidemiology and virulence of Enterococcus. Microbiology. 155, 1749- 1757.
  • Foulquié Moreno MR, Sarantinopoulos P, Tsakalidou E, De Vuyst L, (2006). The role and application of enterococci in food and health. Int J Food Microbiol. 106, 1-24.
  • Franz CMAP, Holzapfel WH, Stiles ME, (1999). Enterococci at the crossroads of food safety. Int J Food Microbiol. 47, 1-24.
  • Giraffa G, (2002). Enterococci from foods. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 26, 163-171.
  • Göncüoğlu M, Bilir Ormancı FS, Kasımoğlu Doğru A, (2009). Beyaz peynir üretiminde Enterococcus faecium’un starter kültür olarak kullanılması. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 56, 249-254.
  • Hällgren A, Claesson C, Saeedi B, Monstein HJ, Hanberger H, Nilsson LE, (2009). Molecular detection of aggregation substance, enterococcal surface protein, and cytolysin genes and in vitro adhesion to urinary catheters of Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium of clinical origin. Int J Med Microbiol. 299, 323-332.
  • Jankoska G, Trajkovska-Dokic E, Panovski N, Popovska-Jovanovska K, Petrovska M, (2008). Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from urine samples. Prilozi. 29, 57-66.
  • Jett BD, Huycke MM, Gilmore MS, (1994). Virulence of enterococci. Clin Microbiol Rev. 7, 462-478.
  • Kasimoglu Dogru A, Gencay YE, Ayaz ND, (2010). Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterococcus species in chicken at slaughter level; absence of vanA and vanB genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium. Res Vets Sci. 89, 153-158.
  • Kayaoglu G, Ørstavik D, (2004). Virulence Factors of Enterococcus faecalis: Relationship to Endodontic Disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 15, 308-320.
  • Klare I, Konstabel C, Badstübner D, Werner G, Witte W, (2003). Occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistances in Enterococcus faecium. Int J Food Microbiol. 88, 269- 290.
  • Koch S, Hufnagel M, Theilacker C, Huebner J, (2004). Enterococcal infections: host response, therapeutic, and prophylactic possibilities. Vaccine. 22, 822-830.
  • Low YL, Jakubovics NS, Flatman JC, Jenkinson HF, Smith AW, (2003). Manganese-dependent regulation of the endocarditis-associated virulence factor EfaA of Enterococcus faecalis. J Med Microbiol. 52, 113-119.
  • Lowe AM, Lambert PA, Smith AW, (1995). Cloning of an Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis antigen: homology with adhesins from some oral streptococci. Infect Immun. 63, 703-706.
  • Mohamed JA, Huang DB, (2007). Biofilm formation by enterococci. J Med Microbiol. 56, 1581-1588.
  • Mundy LM, Sahm DF, Gilmore M, (2000). Relationships between enterococcal virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev. 13, 513-522.
  • Murray BE, (1998). Diversity among multidrug-resistant enterococci. Emerg Infect Dis. 4, 37-47.
  • Necidová L, Janštová B, Karpíšková S, Cupáková ŠM, Dušková M, Karpíšková R, (2009). Importance of Enterococcus spp. for Forming a Biofilm. Czech J Food Sci. 27, S354-S356.
  • Oancea C, Klare I, Witte W, Werner G, (2004). Conjugative transfer of the virulence gene, esp, among isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 54, 232-235.
  • Petsaris O, Miszczak F, Gicquel Bruneau M, Perrin Guyomard A, Humbert F, Sanders P, Leclercq R, (2005). Combined antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus fae cium isolated from chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol. 71, 2796-2799.
  • Sannomiya P, Craig RA, Clewell DB, Suzuki A, Fujino M, Till GO, Marasco WA, (1990). Characterization of a class of nonformylated Enterococcus faecalis-derived neutrophil chemotactic peptides: the sex pheromones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 87, 66-70.
  • Shi X, Zhu X, (2009). Biofilm formation and food safety in food industries. Trends Food Sci Technol. 20, 407-413.
  • Sillanpää J, Prakash VP, Nallapareddy SR, Murray BE, (2009). Distribution of genes encoding MSCRAMMs and pili in clinical and natural populations of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 47, 896-901.
  • Sood S, Malhotra M, Das BK, Kapil A, (2008). Enterococcal infections & antimicrobial resistance. Indian J Med Res. 128, 111-121.
  • Tendolkar PM, Baghdayan AS, Gilmore MS, Shankar N, (2004). Enterococcal surface protein, Esp, Enhances Biofilm Formation by Enterococcus faecalis. Infect Immun. 72, 6032-6039.
  • Tendolkar PM, Baghdayan AS, Shankar N, (2003). Pathogenic enterococci: new developments in the 21st century. Cell Mol Life Sci. 60, 2622-2636.
  • Trivedi K, Cupakova S, Karpiskova R, (2011). Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolated from food-stuffs. Veterinarni Medicina, 56, 352-357.
  • Vankerckhove NV, Autgaerden TV, Vael C, Lammens C, Chapelle S, Rossi R, Jabes D, Goossens H, (2004). Development of a multiplex PCR for the detection of asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl genes in enterococci and survey for virulence determinants among european hospital isolates of Enterococcus faecium. J Clin Microbiol. 42, 4473-4479.
  • Vankerckhoven V, Huys G, Vancanneyt M, Snauwaert C, Swings J, Klare I, Witte W, Van Autgaerden T, Chapelle S, Lammens C, Goossens H, (2008). Genotypic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence factors of human isolates and probiotic cultures constituting two intraspecific groups of Enterococcus faecium isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol. 74, 4247-4255.
  • Vignolo G, Palacios J, Farias ME, Sesma F, Schillinger U, Holzapfel W, Oliver G, (2000). Combined effect of bacteriocins on the survival of various Listeria species in broth and meat system. Curr Microbiol. 41, 410-416.
  • Upadhyaya GPM, Ravikumar KL, Umapathy BL, (2009). Review of virulence factors of Enterococcus: an emerging nosocomial pathogen. Int J Med Microbiol. 27, 301-305.
  • Xu Y, Singh KV, Qin X, Murray BE, Weinstock GM, (2000). Analysis of a gene cluster of Enterococcus faecalis involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. Infect Immun. 68, 815-823.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Azam Azımı Mahalleh Bu kişi benim

Muammer Göncüoğlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Azımı Mahalleh, A., & Göncüoğlu, M. (2014). Enterokokların önemli virülens faktörleri ve gıdalarda bulunuşu. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, 25(2), 47-52.


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