The Use of Rabbits in Studies of Immunity and Safety of Contagious Ecthyma (CE) Vaccine

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 31 Sayı: 1, 75 - 81, 07.06.2020

Veli Gülyaz , Fahriye Saraç , Mustafa Hasöksüz , Serdar Uzar

https://doi.org/10.35864/evmd.656097

Öz

 Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a zoonotic viral infection and common localized cutaneous infection of young sheep and goats caused by a Parapoxvirus with worldwide distribution. The aim of this study was to use rabbits instead of lambs and kids in immunity and safety studies after production of the CE vaccine. The titres of Pendik CE pathogen strain isolated lamb (E(P)CK₄) and attenuated vaccine strain originated lamb (E(P)CK₂₂) used in the study were TCID₅₀ 10^6.50 and 10^7.00/ml, respectively. In the study to determine the pathogenicity of CE virus (E(P)CK₄) in rabbits, it was found that CE virus-specific hyperemia, vesicles and pustules were not observed and did not contain CE virus by PCR test in the scabs in the scarred back-waist regions, and body temperature did not increase in rabbits. In the blood sera of rabbits treated with pathogen CE virus and vaccinated with CE vaccine virus, no antibodies were detected against CE virus. It was found that the vesicles, pustules and scabs appeared on day 3 and the lesions healed on the 15th day. In the immunity study in lambs and kids vaccinated with CE vaccine (E(P)CK₂₂), it was found that CE vaccine virus protects lambs and kids against pathogen CE (E(P)CK₄) strain.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Contagious ecthyma, immunity, kid, lamb, rabbit, vaccine

Destekleyen Kurum

This project supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (Project number is TOVAG-113O190).

Proje Numarası

Project number is TOVAG-113O190.

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for its financial and scientific support of this project.

Contagious Ektima (CE) aşısının bağışıklık ve zararsızlık çalışmalarında tavşanların kullanılması

Öz

Contagious Ektima (CE) hastalığı, genç koyun ve oğlaklarda lokalize kutanöz enfeksiyonlara sebebiyet veren, dünyada yaygın olarak bulunan Parapoxvirusların neden olduğu zoonotik viral bir enfeksiyondur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, CE aşısının üretilmesinden sonra bağışıklık ve güvenlik çalışmalarında kuzu ve oğlakların yerine tavşan kullanmaktı. Çalışmada kullanılan kuzulardan izole edilmiş patojen Pendik CE suşu (E(P)CK ₄ ) ve attenüe olan (E(P)CK ₂₂ ) aşı suşunun titrelerinin sırasıyla DKID ₅₀ 10 ^6.50 ve 10 ^7.00 /ml olduğu belirlendi. Tavşanlarda CE virusunun (E(P)CK ₄ ) patojenitesini belirleme çalışmasında, CE virusuna özgü hiperemi, veziküller ve püstüller gözlemlenmedi, vücut sıcaklıklarında artış olmadı ve bel bölgesinde bulunan yara kabuklarında CE virusu PCR ile tespit edilmedi. Patojen CE virusu uygulanan ve CE aşı virusu ile aşılanan tavşanların kan serumlarında, CE virusuna karşı antikor tespit edilmedi. CE
aşısı (E (P) CK ₂₂ ) ile aşılanmış kuzu ve oğlaklarda yapılan bağışıklık çalışmasında, skarifikasyon yapılan deri bölgesinde veziküllerin, püstüllerin ve kabukların 3. günde ortaya çıktığı ve lezyonların 15. günde iyileştiği tespit edildi. CE aşı virusunun kuzu ve oğlakları patojen CE (E (P) CK ₄ ) virusuna karşı koruduğu saptandı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aşı, bağışıklık, contagious ektima, kuzu, oğlak, tavşan

Proje Numarası

Project number is TOVAG-113O190.

Kaynakça

• Al Saad KM, Thweni HT, Abdali DA, et al., 2017. Clinical and Diagnostic Studies of Contagious Ecthyma (ORF) In Sheep. Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 10(7): 64-69.
• Bala JA, Balakrishnan KN, Abdullah AA, et al., 2019. An association of orf virus infection among sheep and goats with herd health programme in Terengganu state, eastern region of the peninsular Malaysia. BMC Veterinary Research, 15(250): 2-15.
• Buddle BM and Pulford HD, 1984. Effect of passively-acquired antibodies and vaccination on the immune response to contagious ecthyma virus. Vet Microbiol, 9: 515-522.
• Burleson FG, Chambers TM and Wiedbrauk DL, 1992. Virologia Laboratory Manual 1. Ed. Academic Press., California, USA, pp:20-61.
• Cargnelutti JF, Masuda EK, M. Martins et al., 2011. Virological and clinico-pathological features of orf virus infection in experimentally infected rabbits and mice. Microb Pathog, 50(1): 56-62.
• Chan KW, Lin JW, Lee SH, et al., 2007. Identification and phylogenetic analysis of orf virus from goats in Taiwan. Virus Genes, 35(3): 705-12.
• Da Costa RA, Cargnelutti JF, Schild CO, et al., 2019. Outbreak of contagious ecthyma caused by orf virus (parapoxvirus ovis) in a vaccinated sheep flock in Uruguay. Braz J Microbiol, 50(2): 565-569.
• Ergin H and Köklü A, 1974. Investigation of passage and antigenic properties of ecthyma virus in tissue cultures, Pendik Vet. Microbiology, 6(2) :12-20.
• Housawi FMT, Abu Elzein EME, Gameel AA, et al., 1993. A close comparative study on the response of sheep and goats to experimental orf infection, J Vet Med, 40: 272-282.
• Lın FY, Tseng YY, Chan KW et al., 2015. Suppression of influenza virus infection by the orf virus isolated in Taiwan, J Vet Med Sci 77(9): 1055–1062.
• Mazur C, Ferreira II, Rangel Filko FB, et al., 2000. Molecular characterization of Brazilian isolates of orf virus, Vet Microbiol, 73: 253-259.
• Mc Keever DJ, Reid HW, Ingus NF et al., 1987. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of the humoral antibody response of sheep to orf virus infection. Veterinary Microbiol, 15: 229-241.
• Mc Keever DJ, Jan Kinson DM, Hutchison G, et al., 1988. Studies of the Pathogenesis of Orf Virus Infection in Sheep, J Comp Pathol, 99: 317-328.
• Musser JMB, Waldron DF, Charles A, et al., 2012. Evaluation of homologous and heterologous protection ınduced by a virulent field strain of orf virus and an orf vaccine in goats, Am J Vet Res, 73(1): 86-90.
• Nashirudddullah N, Pathak DC, Barman NN, et al., (2016). Evaluation of orf virus (ORFV) isolation in continuous lamb testis cells (OA3.Ts) and development of a co-culture method with infected cells to increase infectivity. Indian J Anim Res 50(6): 951-957.
• Nettleton PF, Brebner J, Pow I, et al., 1996. Tissue culture-propagated orf virus vaccine protects lambs from orf virus challenge, The Vet Record, 138: 184-186.
• Nourani H and Maleki M, 2006. Contagious ecthyma: case report and review, Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9(13): 2543-2545.
• Peralta A, Robles CA, Micheluod JF, et al., 2018, Phylogenetic analysis of orf viruses from five contagious ecthyma outbreaks in argentinian goats, Front Vet Sci, 5(6): 134.
• Pye D, 1990. Vaccination of sheep with cell culture grown orf virus, Aust Vet J, 67: 182-183.
• Rabinson AJ and Balassu TC, 1981. Contagious pustular dermatitis (Orf), The Veterinary Bulletin, 51(10): 771-782.
• Sadiq MA, Abba Y, Jesse FFA, et al., 2017. Severe persistent case of contagious ecthyma (orf) in goats, Journal of Animal Health and Production, 5(1): 24-28.
• Sowmiya PV, K. Ramya K. Sukmar K et al., 2018. Molecular Confirmation of Contagious Ecthyma Among Goats in Dharmapuri District of Tamil Nadu, India, Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci, 7(6): 60-65.
• Tedla M, Berhan N, Molla W, et al., 2018. Molecular identification and investigations of contagious ecthyma (Orf virus) in small ruminants, North west Ethiopia, BMC Veterinary Research, 14:13.
• Yirrell DL, Reid HW, Norval M, et al., 1989. Immune responses of lambs to experimental infection with orf virus, Vet Immunol immunopathol, 22(4): 321-322.
• Zamri SM, Rashidah I and AL-Ajeeli KSA, 1994. Experimental cross-infection of sheep and goats with different ısolates of contagious ecthyma virus, Aust Vet J, 71(7): 218-220.