Kanatlı Hayvan İmmün Sistemi Üzerine Antibakteriyel İlaçların Etkileri

Yıl 1997, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 159 - 179, 26.07.2022

Yusuf Şanlı Hakan Yardımcı Mehmet Akan Reşat Aştı Nevin Kurtdede Ali Bilgili Ayhan Filazi

Öz

Bu çalışmada kanatlı hayvan sektöründe farklı amaçlarla kullanılan bazı
antibakteriyel ilaçların kanatlı immün sistemi üzerindeki etkileri incelendi.
Çalışmada 120 adet günlük et-tipi civciv deneme hayvanı olarak kullanıldı.
Üç farklı deneysel çalışma seçeneğinde denenmek üzere, ağız yoluyla sağaltıcı
olarak fluorokinolon grubu bir antibakteriyel ilaç ve sülfonamid türevi +
trimetoprim esasına dayapan bir korubinasyon ile verim artırıcı amaçlarla
üretilen virjinyamisin içerikli bir premiks çeşidi seçildi.
Deneme hayvanları yaşamlarının ilk 19 gününde antibakteriyel ve antikoksidial
ilaçlarlardan arındırılmış başlatma yemi ve geri kalan sürede de piliç
geliştirme yemi ile ad .li bi tum olarak beslendi. Belirtilen süreçte · belirli
aralıklarla civcivlerden kan örnekleri alınarak Newcastle virüsüne karşı maternal
antikor titreleri belirlendi. 4 farklı deneme grubuna ayrılan bütün hayvanlara
20. günde su içerisinde canlı Newcastle aşısı uygulandı. Denemelerin
21 . gününden itibaren deneme gruplarından birisi kontrol için ayrılırken
II. gruba su içerisinde ve sağaltıcı dozda fluorokinolon türevi ilaç, III. gruba
güçlendirilmiş sülfonamid kombinasyonu ve IV. gruba da yem içerisinde sürekli
olarak virjinyamisin içeren premiks katılarak verildi. İlaçlamayı izleyen
(, 7., 14. ve 28 . günlerde bütün hayvanlardan kan örnekleri alınarak Newcastle'a
karşı bireysel antikor titreleri ölçüldü . Ayrıca, ilaçlamayı izleyen ilk
3 gün boyunca 2. ve 3. gruptaki hayvanlardan alınan kan örneklerinde antibakteriyel
ilaç derişimleri saptandı. İlaç uygulanmasından 28 gün sonra kesilen
hayvanlardan B. fabricius ve timusları çıkartılarak ağırlıklan ve lenfasit
derişimleri belirlendi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etlik veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi, Antibakteriyel ilaç, Kanatlı Hayvanlar, Aşılama, İmmün Sistem, Etkileşme

The Effects of Antibacterial Drugs on Immune System of Poultry

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the effects of some different antibacretial
drugs used in poultry industry for their effects on immune system
of poultry. This experiment was carried on a hundred and twenty daily broiler
chicks . The first experimental group of thirty chicks were given an antibacterial
drug belonging to fluoroquinolone group orally, a combination hased
on sulfonamide derivative plus trimethoprim were assayed on the second
experimental group anda premix consisting of virginamycin, produced as an
anabolic drug were given to the third group of thirty chicks.At the begining broilers were fed with a chick starter ration, that did not
contain any antibacterial or anticocciodial agents, later with chick development
ration ad libitium. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals during
stated durations, and maternal antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus
were determined . They were divided in to four experimental groups and li ve
Newcastle vaccine were applied in drinking water an 201h day . One of the
groups of thirty chic:ks w ere left as a control group after twenty-first day. The
second group was treated with fluoroquinolone derivative dissolved in water
at treatment dose and, an augmented sulfonamide combination and a ration
prepared with a premix containing virginiamycin was given to the third and
fourth groups, respectively. Blood samples were taken on the following ı sı ,
7th, 14ıh and 28th daysafter the administration and the antibody titers against
Newcastle vaccine were determined.
In addition, blood samples of the chicks belonging to the second and third
groups were taken on the following three days after administration and antibacterial
drug concentrations were assayed. All chicks were slaughtered on
the 2S1h day after drug application and weighths of b. of Fabricius and thymus
gland and lymphocyte concentrations were determined after excision.
The results, involves following findings; the maternal antibody levels devoloped
against Newcastle vaccine w ere 4.1, in 19 day old chicks, four weeks
later, an increase were found in the control group, vaccinated under same
conditions. At the end of the same period of time, Newcastle antibody levels
w ere reached approximately 9.9, on the other han d the antibody levels stayed
at 7.6 level and, did not show any increase in the other two groups. At 471h
day of experimental period live weights of the chicks treated with virginiamycin
increased 7 .2% and no significant differences were observed in the
other groups . While the weights of b. of Fabricius of all three groups treated
with antibacterial drugs orally were 23% lower in compare to the control group,
the weights of thymus gland were determined to be increased 71 %, 60%
and 48% in the second, third and faurth groups respectively. The average
lymphocyte concentration of B. of Fabricius and thymus of all three groups
were determined to be decreased according to control group. The lowest value
was observed on the fourth groupe, this value was followed by the second
and third groups.
It is that concluded the development of cellular and humoral immunity
can be enhanced by synergestic interaction of fluoroquinolone group of antibacterial
drugs with immune system in fowls . On the other hand, bacterios tatic drugs such as augmented sulfonamide combinations and virginamycin
can depress the humoral immunity so it is concluded that the expected effect
of immunization after vaccinations canbereverse effect on immunization.

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