Spinal Cord Involvement of Glioblastoma Multiforme in an Adult Patient: A Case Report
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme is a primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system which has aggressive progression and mostly seen in adults. Literature accepts the treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme as combined process of surgical, concurrent chemo-radiotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy. Glioblastoma Multiforme can spread in a variety of ways. Intraparenchymal spread by using white matter tracts is the most known way of spreading. Dissemination of Glioblastoma Multiforme through cerebrospinal fluid can happen, causing drop metastases, leptomeningeal spread and spinal metastasis. Treatment guideline for leptomeningeal spread in patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme has never been prepared. However, complete surgical removal of the tumor is the accepted treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Surgical treatment is an important option in patients with spinal cord compression with solitary metastases. However, palliative radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used in the treatment of patients with extensive spinal canal involvement and spinal cord compression. We present a case in which we applied radiotherapy because of spinal cord metastasis that developed after Glioblastoma Multiforme treatment in an adult patient. Through these observations, we analyze therapeutic options of Glioblastoma Multiforme with spinal cord involvement.
Keywords
References
- Lawton CD, Nagasawa DT, Yang I, Fessler RG, Smith ZA. Leptomeningeal spinal metastases from glioblastoma multiforme: treatment and management of an uncommon manifestation of disease. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012; 17(5): 438-448. DOI: 10.3171/2012.7.SPINE12212.
- Grah JJ, Katalinic D, Stern-Padovan R, et al. Leptomeningeal and intramedullary metastases of glioblastoma multiforme in a patient reoperated during adjuvant radiochemotherapy. World J Surg Oncol. 2013; 11: 55. DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-11-55.
- Dolecek TA, Propp JM, Stroup NE, Kruchko C. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2005-2009 [published correction appears in Neuro Oncol. 2013 May;15(5):646-7]. Neuro Oncol. 2012; 14 Suppl 5(Suppl 5): v1-v49. DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos218.
- Rigau V, Zouaoui S, Mathieu-Daudé H, et al. French brain tumor database: 5-year histological results on 25 756 cases. Brain Pathol. 2011; 21(6): 633-644. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00491.x.
- Kandaz M, Bahat Z, Guler CO, et al. Outcomes of Treatment for Glioblastoma Multiforme in Adult Patients: A Single Institution Experience from the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Uluslararası Hematoloji-Onkoloji Dergisi. 2018; 28(1): 30-35.
- Cunha MLVD, Maldaun MVC. Metastasis from glioblastoma multiforme: a meta-analysis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2019; 65(3): 424-433. DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.3.424.
- Jang C, Cho BK, Hwang SH, Shin HJ, Yoon SH. Leptomeningeal Spread at the Diagnosis of Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Case Report and Literature Review. Brain Tumor Res Treat. 2022; 10(3): 183-189. DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2022.0013.
- Birzu C, Tran S, Bielle F, et al. Leptomeningeal Spread in Glioblastoma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Oncologist. 2020; 25(11): e1763-e1776. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0258.
- Mandel JJ, Yust-Katz S, Cachia D, et al. Leptomeningeal dissemination in glioblastoma; an inspection of risk factors, treatment, and outcomes at a single institution. J Neurooncol. 2014; 120(3): 597-605. DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1592-1.
- Zhao KH, Zhang C, Bai Y, et al. Antiglioma effects of cytarabine on leptomeningeal metastasis of high-grade glioma by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017; 11: 1905-1915. DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S135711.