Evidence-Based Practices during Spontaneous and Cesarean Delivery

Yıl 2024, , 90 - 102, 03.05.2024

Tuba Büyükkal , Tülay Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.56061/fbujohs.1312232

Öz

The aim of this research is to investigate evidence-based practices used for maternal optimal care during birth. Investigating the use of evidence-based practices for spontaneous and cesarean deliveries will contribute to maternal optimal care during delivery. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was completed with 371 women giving birth. The study was conducted in a maternity hospital in Turkey. The Descriptive Information Form and the Optimality Index-Turkey (OI-TR) were used in the data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. In spontaneous and cesarean delivery groups, the nonstress test was performed in 100%. Skin-to-skin contact was not ensured between the mother and neonate in any of them (100%). Also, for spontaneous delivery group labor induction or augmentation was applied to 73.1%, there was no person providing support during labor (except the medical team) in any of them (100%), the non-supine position was not used at birth in any of them (100%) and episiotomy was applied to 59.1%. Our study results point to non evidence-based routine clinical practices in delivery were determined. This situation made the delivery process in the hospital far from optimal. This study revealed that midwives,nurses and clinicans should make knowledge and behavioral changes in their evidence-based practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

evidence based practice, midwifery, birth, obstetric

Normal Spontan Doğum ve Sezaryen Doğumda Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar

Öz

Normal spontan doğum ve sezaryen doğumlar için kanıta dayalı uygulamaların kullanımının araştırılması, doğum sırasında annenin optimal bakımına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada, doğum sırasında annenin optimal bakımı için kullanılan kanıta dayalı uygulamaların araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma, Türkiye'de bir kadın doğum hastanesinde 193 normal spontan doğum ve 178 sezaryen doğum yapan toplam 371 kadın ile tamamlanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Tanımlayıcı Bilgi Formu ve Optimalite İndeksi-TR (OI-TR) kullanılmıştır. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Spontan ve sezaryen doğum gruplarında nonstres testi %100 uygulanmış, grupların ikisinde de hiçbir anne ile yenidoğan (%100) arasında ten tene temas sağlanmamıştır. Ayrıca spontan doğum grubunun %73,1'ine doğum indüksiyonu uygulanmış, hiçbirinde doğum sırasında (tıbbi ekip dışında) destek sağlayan kimse bulunmamış (%100) ve doğumda dik pozisyon kullanılmamıştır(%100). Spontan doğum grubunda epizyotomi uygulanma oranı %59.1 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçlarımız doğumda kanıta dayalı olmayan rutin klinik uygulamalara dikkat çekmekte ve bu durumun hastanedeki doğum sürecini optimal olmaktan uzak hale getirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma ebe, hemşire ve klinisyenlerin kanıta dayalı uygulamalarında bilgi ve davranış değişikliği yapmaları gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

kanıta dayalı uygulamalar, doğum, ebelik, obstetri

Kaynakça

• Alfirevic, Z., Devane, D., Gyte, G. M., & Cuthbert, A. (2017). Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2(2), CD006066. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006066.pub3
• Al-Ghammari, K., Al-Riyami, Z., Al-Moqbali, M., Al-Marjabi, F., Al-Mahrouqi, B., Al-Khatri, A., & Al-Khasawneh, E. M. (2016). Predictors of routine episiotomy in primigravida women in Oman. Applied Nursing Research, 29, 131–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APNR.2015.05.002
• Althabe, F., Belizán, J. M., & Bergel, E. (2002). Episiotomy rates in primiparous women in Latin America: hospital based descriptive study. BMJ : British Medical Journal, 324(7343), 945. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.324.7343.945
• Baley, J., Watterberg, K., Cummings, J., Eichenwald, E., Poindexter, B., Stewart, D. L., Aucott, S. W., Puopolo, K. M., & Goldsmith, J. P. (2015). Skin-to-Skin Care for Term and Preterm Infants in the Neonatal ICU. Pediatrics, 136(3), 596–599. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-2335
• Basgol, Ş., & Beji Kizilkaya, N. (2015). Common Practices and Evidence Based Approach in First Stage of Labor. Journal of Duzce University Health Sciences Institute. https://atif.sobiad.com/index.jsp?modul=makale-detay&Alan=saglik&Id=AV4_RhJ9DohDRoFDjNKn
• Bilgin, Z. (2022). Mother Friendly Hospital Model and Birth Satisfaction of Mothers. Journal of Nursing Effect , 15 (3) , 279-288 . DOI: 10.46483/deuhfed.892932
• Bohren, M. A., Berger, B. O., Munthe-Kaas, H., & Tuncalp, O. (2019). Perceptions and experiences of labour companionship: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2019(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012449.PUB2
• Bohren, M. A., Hofmeyr, G. J., Sakala, C., Fukuzawa, R. K., & Cuthbert, A. (2017). Continuous support for women during childbirth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003766.PUB6
• Bolten, N., de Jonge, A., Zwagerman, E., Zwagerman, P., Klomp, T., Zwart, J. J., & Geerts, C. C. (2016). Effect of planned place of birth on obstetric interventions and maternal outcomes among low-risk women: A cohort study in the Netherlands. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-016-1130-6/TABLES/3
• Brocklehurst, P., Hardy, P., Hollowell, J., Linsell, L., Macfarlane, A., McCourt, C., Marlow, N., Miller, A., Newburn, M., Petrou, S., Puddicombe, D., Redshaw, M., Rowe, R., Sandall, J., Silverton, L., & Stewart, M. (2011). Perinatal and maternal outcomes by planned place of birth for healthy women with low risk pregnancies: the Birthplace in England national prospective cohort study. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 343(7840). https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.D7400
• Cargill, Y. M., & MacKinnon, C. J. (2018). RETIRED: No. 148-Guidelines for Operative Vaginal Birth. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada, 40(2), e74–e80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogc.2017.11.003
• Cho, E.-S., Kim, S.-J., Kwon, M. S., Cho, H., Kim, E. H., Jun, E. M., & Lee, S. (2016). The Effects of Kangaroo Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit on the Physiological Functions of Preterm Infants, Maternal–Infant Attachment, and Maternal Stress. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 31(4), 430–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2016.02.007
• Çifçi, A. & Yücel, C. (2023). Determination of Perinatal Care Practices and Mothers' Birth Satisfaction in a University Hospital. Hacettepe University Faculty of Health Sciences Journal, 10 (1), 1-16 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/husbfd/issue/75744/1112593
• Coskun Ercelik, H., Kaya, V., Camlıca, T., Sezginer, Z., Savran, B., Bulbul, F., Ozdemir, D., Bayer, E., Ercan, S. & Yazkan, R. (2023) Starting Early Skin-To-Skin Contact And Breastfeeding Practices In The Postpartum Period: A Case Study Of Baby-Friendly Hospital. Medical Journal of Suleyman Demirel University, 30(2): 253-262. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1311435
• Dasikan Z, Elmas S, Elmas C, Kiratli D, Erdogan M. (2020). Routine ınterventions during normal birth: women’s birth experiences and expectation. Int J Caring Sci, 13(3):1768-1877.
• Davis, D., Baddock, S., Pairman, S., Hunter, M., Benn, C., Wilson, D., Dixon, L., & Herbison, P. (2011). Planned Place of Birth in New Zealand: Does it Affect Mode of Birth and Intervention Rates Among Low-Risk Women?, 38(2):111-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536X.2010.00458.x
• Demirel, G., & Bilgiç Çelik, D. (2015). Intervention to Natural Birth: Use of Synthetic Oxytocin. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing,. https://acikerisim.cumhuriyet.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12418/2920
• Kaya N., Demirel G. (2019). Alternative Methods For Reducing Perineal Trauma. Acibadem University Health Sciences Journal, 10(2):156-160. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.138
• Dögl, M., Romundstad, P., Dahlgaard Berntzen, L., Camilla Fremgaarden, O., Kirial, K., Molne Kjøllesdal, A., Nygaard, B. S., Robberstad, L., Steen, T., TappertID, C., Fredvik Torkildsen, C., Vaernesbranden, M. R., Vietheer, A., & Heimstad, R. (2018). Elective induction of labor: A prospective observational study. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208098
• Dönmez, S., & Sevil, U. (2009). Necessity of routine episiotomy procedure. Maltepe University Journal of Nursing Science and Art, 2(3), 105–112.
• Fontein-Kuipers, Y., van Beeck, E., Kammeraat, L., & Rutten, F. (2019). The Woman-Centeredness of Various Dutch Maternity Service Providers During Antenatal and Postnatal Care. International Journal of Childbirth, 9(2), 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1891/2156-5287.9.2.92
• Gupta, J. K., Sood, A., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Vogel, J. P. (2017). Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002006.pub4
• Hacettepe Universitiy Institute of Population Studies. (2013). Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) Main Report. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2013/rapor/TNSA_2013_ana_rapor.pdf
• Hacettepe Universitiy Institute of Population Studies. (2018). Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (TDHS) Main Report. http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/tnsa2018/rapor/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
• Hollowell, J., Li, Y., Bunch, K., & Brocklehurst, P. (2017). A comparison of intrapartum interventions and adverse outcomes by parity in planned freestanding midwifery unit and alongside midwifery unit births: Secondary analysis of “low risk” births in the birthplace in England cohort. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 17(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-017-1271-2/TABLES/4
• Jiang, H., Qian, X., Carroli, G., & Garner, P. (2017). Selective versus routine use of episiotomy for vaginal birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000081.pub3
• Johnston, C., Campbell-Yeo, M., Disher, T., Benoit, B., Fernandes, A., Streiner, D., Inglis, D., & Zee, R. (2017). Skin-to-skin care for procedural pain in neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(2). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008435.pub3
• Karacam, Z., & Eroglu, K. (2003). Effects of episiotomy on bonding and mothers’ health. In Journal of Advanced Nursing, 43(4),384–394. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02727.x
• Lawrence, A., Lewis, L., Hofmeyr, G. J., Dowswell, T., & Styles, C. (2009). Maternal positions and mobility during first stage labour. In A. Lawrence (Ed.), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003934.pub2
• Lawrence, A., Lewis, L., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Styles, C. (2013). Maternal positions and mobility during first stage labour. In A. Lawrence (Ed.), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003934.pub3
• Low, L. K., Seng, J. S., & Miller, J. M. (2008). Use of the Optimality Index-United States in Perinatal Clinical Research: A Validation Study. J Midwifery Womens Health, 53, 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2008.01.009
• Meyvis, I., Van Rompaey, B., Goormans, K., Truijen, S., Lambers, S., Mestdagh, E., & Mistiaen, W. (2012). Maternal Position and Other Variables: Effects on Perineal Outcomes in 557 Births. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-536X.2012.00529.x
• Moore, E. R., Bergman, N., Anderson, G. C., & Medley, N. (2016). Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2016(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003519.pub4
• Mousa, H. A., Blum, J., Abou El Senoun, G., Shakur, H., & Alfirevic, Z. (2014). Treatment for primary postpartum haemorrhage. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003249.pub3
• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2014). Intrapartum Care: Care of Healthy Women and Their Babies During Childbirth. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg190
• Özcan, Ş., & Aslan, E. (2015). Determination of Maternal Satisfaction at Normal and Cesarean Birth. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 23(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.17672/FNHD.88951
• Räisänen, S., Vehviläinen-Julkunen, K., & Heinonen, S. (2010). Need for and consequences of episiotomy in vaginal birth: A critical approach. Midwifery, 26(3), 348–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MIDW.2008.07.007
• Sayiner, F. D., & Demirci, N. (2007). Effectiveness of prenatal perineal massage in vaginal delivery. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 15(60), 146–154.
• Oksuz Korkut S. & Inal S. (2019). The effect of kangaroo mother care applied to the healthy newborns in the early postpartum period on breastfeeding: A randomized controlled trial. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 71(9):2124-2129. https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.376
• Smith, C. A., Collins, C. T., & Crowther, C. A. (2011). Aromatherapy for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009215
• Smith, C. A., Collins, C. T., Crowther, C. A., & Levett, K. M. (2011). Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009232
• Smith, C. A., Levett, K. M., Collins, C. T., Armour, M., Dahlen, H. G., & Suganuma, M. (2018). Relaxation techniques for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009514.pub2
• Soltani, H., Hutchon, D. R., & Poulose, T. A. (2010). Timing of prophylactic uterotonics for the third stage of labour after vaginal birth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006173.pub2
• Su, L.-L., Chong, Y.-S., & Samuel, M. (2007). Oxytocin agonists for preventing postpartum haemorrhage. In L.-L. Su (Ed.), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005457.pub2
• TC Ministry of Health. (2017). Obstetrics and Gynecology Commission Report. http://www.istanbulsaglik.gov.tr/w/anasayfalinkler/belge/ekutuphane/kadin_hastaliklari_ve_dogum_bransi_komisyon_calismalari.pdf
• Thompson, S. M., Nieuwenhuijze, M. J., Budé, L., de Vries, R., & Kane Low, L. (2018). Creating an Optimality Index - Netherlands: A validation study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/S12884-018-1735-Z/TABLES/6
• Toprak, F., Turan, Z., & Şentürk Erenel, A. (2017). Current Approaches In Early Postpartum Perıod Nursıng Practıces. Gumushane University Journal Of Health Sciences, 6(2), 96-103.
• Van Den Bergh, J. E., Sueters, M., Segaar, M., & Van Roosmalen, J. (2003). Determinants of episiotomy in rural Zimbabwe. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 82(10), 966–968. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00323.x
• van Olphen Fehr, J. (2013). Using the optimality index-US to teach midwifery students to recognize and implement evidence-based practices that promote optimal outcomes in perinatal health. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health, 58(5), 531–537. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12015
• Walker, K. F., Kibuka, M., Thornton, J. G., & Jones, N. W. (2018). Maternal position in the second stage of labour for women with epidural anaesthesia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD008070.pub4
• Westhoff, G., Cotter, A. M., & Tolosa, J. E. (2013). Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001808.pub2
• World Health Organization. (2016). WHO recommendations on antenatal care for a positive pregnancy experience.https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/260178/9789241550215 eng.pdf?sequence=1
• World Health Organization. (2018). WHO recommendations. Intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience.
• Yıldız, U. G., Yıldız, S., Kurt, B., Urper, S., Kurt, Y., & Guzel, S. (2013). Labor Pain and Hypnosis. Turkish Journal of Integrative Medicine, 1(1), 22–27.
• Yucel, C., Low, L. K., & Taskin, L. (2013). Validation of the Optimality Index-US for Use in Turkey to Assess Maternity Care. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 583–583. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmwh.12115
• Yucel, C., Low, L. K., & Taskin, L. (2015). Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Optimality Index-US (OI-US) to assess maternity care outcomes. Midwifery, 31(12), 1135–1142. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MIDW.2015.08.003