The Dynamics of International Alliances: A Structural Perspective

Öz

This article examines the concept of alliances in international relations through the frameworks of realist, liberal, and Marxist theories, comparing the explanatory power of each approach on alliances. Realist theory defines alliances as temporary strategic collaborations established by states to maintain security and balance of power. In contrast, liberal theory evaluates alliances through economic and political cooperation, focusing on the concept of interdependence. The Marxist perspective, however, interprets alliances in terms of capitalist production relations, class dynamics, and economic inequalities, suggesting that economic infrastructure is the foundation of alliances. This article argues that Marxist theory provides a unique framework by analyzing the connection between alliances, economic infrastructure, and global capital accumulation, distinguishing it from realist and liberal approaches. Ultimately, the article asserts that alliances in international relations should be considered not only from the perspectives of security and cooperation but also in light of the economic and class-driven impacts of the global capitalist system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Key words: Alliances
• Realism
• Liberalism
• Marxism
• Economic Substructure
• Global Capitalism
• Class Dynamics
• Power Balance
• Interdependence

Uluslararası İttifakların Dinamikleri: Altyapısal Bir Perspektif

Öz

Bu makale, uluslararası ilişkilerde ittifak kavramını, realist, liberal ve Marksist kuramlar çerçevesinde ele alarak, bu üç yaklaşımın ittifaklar üzerindeki açıklayıcı gücünü karşılaştırmaktadır. Realist kuram, ittifakları devletlerin güvenlik ve güç dengesini koruma amacıyla kurdukları geçici stratejik işbirlikleri olarak tanımlarken, liberal kuram ittifakları ekonomik ve politik işbirlikleri üzerinden değerlendirmekte ve karşılıklı bağımlılık kavramına odaklanmaktadır. Marksist perspektif ise ittifakları kapitalist üretim ilişkileri, sınıfsal dinamikler ve ekonomik eşitsizlikler ekseninde yorumlayarak, ittifakların temelinde ekonomik altyapının yattığını öne sürmektedir. Bu makale, Marksist kuramın, ittifakların ekonomik altyapı ve küresel sermaye birikimiyle olan bağını analiz ederek realist ve liberal yaklaşımlardan farklı bir çerçeve sunduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, uluslararası ilişkilerde ittifaklar sadece güvenlik ve işbirliği perspektifinden değil, aynı zamanda küresel kapitalist sistemin ekonomik ve sınıfsal etkileri ışığında da değerlendirilmeli ve ele alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İttifaklar
• Realizm
• Liberalizm
• Marksizm
• Ekonomik Altyapı
• Küresel Kapitalizm
• Sınıf Dinamikleri
• Güç Dengesi
• Karşılıklı Bağımlılık

Etik Beyan

Bu makale “Birleşmiş Milletler Zemininde İttifaklar: Dönem ve Dinamik Örüntüleri” başlıklı doktora tezinden üretilmiştir.

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