BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2015, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 61 - 80, 01.06.2015

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Alojzy Z, N. and Yochanan, S. (2012). Failing Institutions Are at the Core of the Euro Crisis, Penn Institute of Economic Research, Philadelphia.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Mitra, R. (2008). Exchange rate risk and commodity trade between the US and India, Open Economies Review, 19, p. 71-80
  • Bayoumi, T. and Eichengreen, B.(1992). “Shocking Aspects of Monetary Unification”, National Bureau Economic Research Working Paper, No. 3949
  • Bayoumi, T. Harmsen, R and Jarkko Turunen (2011) “Euro Area Export Performance and Competitiveness”. International Monetary Fund. Working Paper No:11/140 http://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/6746131.pdf
  • Bremmer, I. (2007). The J-Curve: A new way to understand why nations rise and fall, viewed on the 30 June 2015 < http://www. amazon.co.uk/The-Curve-Understand-Nations-Rise/ dp/0743274725>
  • Brown, R.L, Durbin, J. and Evans J, M. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 149-162
  • De Grauwe, P. and Ji, Y. (2013). Economics of Monetary Union, 9th edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • De Grauwe, P. (1992) “German Monetary Unification”, European Economic Review, 36, pp. 445-453.
  • Engle, R, F. and Granger, C,W,J. (1987) Cointegration and error- correction: representation, estimation and testing, Econometrica, 55, p. 1251-1276
  • Horvath, J. (2003). ‘’Optimum Currency Area Theory: A Selective review’’ Bank of Finland Institute for Economies in Transition, Discussion papers No 15.
  • Huchet-Bourdon, M. and Korinek, J. (2011). “To What Extent Do Exchange Rates and their Volatility Affect Trade?”, OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 119, OECD Publishing. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg3slm7b8hg-en>
  • Ishiyama, Y. (1975). “ The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas: A Survey”, IMF Staff Papers, 22, pp. 344-83.
  • Johansen, S. (1995). Likelihood based inference on cointegration in the vector autoregressive model, Oxford university press
  • Jurgen, M. (2009). ‘’Ten Years EMU – Reality Test for the OCA Endogeneity Hypothesis, Economic Divergences and Future Challenges’’ Intereconomics No, 44(2) pp114-128.
  • Kenen, P. (1969). ‘’The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas, An Eclectic View’’, in Mundell and Swoboda (eds.) Monetary Problems in the International Economy, University of Chicago
  • Lanyi, A. (1969). ‘’The Case for Floating Exchange Rates Reconsidered”, Essays in International Finance No. 72 viewed on 12 January 2015, < https://www.princeton.edu/~ies/IES_Essays/E72.pdf>
  • Larosière, J. (2) financial supervision in the European Union. Viewed on 4 April 2015, < http://ec.europa.eu/finance/general- policy/docs/de_larosiere_report_en.pdf>.
  • McKinnon, R. (1963). American Economic Association: Optimum Currency Areas The American Economic Review, Vol. 53, No. 4 pp. 717-725
  • Mundell, R. (1973). “Uncommon Arguments for Common Currencies”, in H.G. Johnson and A.K. Swoboda (eds.), The Economics of Common Currencies, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London, pp. 114-32.
  • Mundell, R. (1961). A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas, American Economic Review, pp 657-665.
  • Pesaran Hashem, M., Shin, Y. and Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds Testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, p. 289-326.
  • Philip, R. L. (2012). ‘’The European Sovereign Debt Crisis’’ The Journal of Economic Perspective Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 49-6.
  • Tanja, B. (2005). ‘’The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas:A Literature Review’’, Privredna kretanja i ekonomska politika No, 104.
  • Tavlas, G. S. (1993). “The ‘New’ Theory of Optimum Currency Areas”, The World Economy, 16, pp. 663-685.
  • Welfens, P., J., J. (2009). Marshall-Learner Condition and Economic Globalization, EIIW, Volume 168.
  • Yellen, J,L. (2014). ‘’Monetary policy and financial stability’’ The 2014 Michel Camdessus Central Banking Lecture International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.
  • European Commission. (2015). Economic and Financial Affairs, the Euro, Adopting the Euro, Convergence reports, viewed on 17 June 2015, <http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/ adoption/euro_area/index_en.htm>.
  • European Commission. (1999). Economic and financial Affairs, How the EU works, History, viewed on 17 June <http://ec.europa. eu/economy_finance/publications/publication7454_en.pdf>.
  • European Commission (1990). One Market, One Money: An evaluation of potential benefits and costs of forming an economic and monetary union, European Economy No 44 October 1990, viewed on 30 September 2014, <http://ec.europa.eu/economy_ finance/publications/publication7454_en.pdf.>
  • European Central Bank, Eurosystem (2015). Statistical data warehouse: Selected indicators for the Euro area, viewed on 30 March 2015, < http://sdw.ecb.europa.eu>.
  • Federal Reserve (2015). Statement on longer-run goals and monetary policy strategy viewed on 30 January 2015, <http://www. federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/FOMC_ LongerRunGoals.pdf>
  • United States Census Bureau (2015). U.S trade in goods by country viewed on 30 March 2015, < http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/ balance/index.html>.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2015). Quarterly GDP figures on the Euro area and United States viewed on 30 March 2015, <https://data.oecd.org/gdp/quarterly-gdp. htm#indicator-chart>

Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows in

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 61 - 80, 01.06.2015

Öz

This paper examines the euro area as an optimum currency area alongside the current financial crisis. In evaluating the effectiveness of the Eurozone’s currency club, this research measured the effects of 2008 financial crisis in the Eurozone by considering exchange rate volatility on trade flows between the United States and the Eurozone. The study employed a conditional autoregressive distributed lag model or bound testing as its empirical methodology, which verifies co-integration between variables and further differentiates the short and long run impacts. The selection of the appropriate model or the lag length is based on Schwarz Information Criterion and Akaike Information Criterion. The data is a quarterly time series data from 1999 to 2014, which provides enough observations for the time-series econometric model. The empirical findings revealed exports were more sensitive than imports to exchange rate volatility. The short run causality effects were generally minimal and the speed of recovery back to the macroeconomic equilibrium was higher in exports than imports. In definitive, the euro area is not a perfect example of a currency club as pointed out by the transfer of asymmetric shocks to members. However, this study recommends that future studies on exchange rate risk vis-à-vis trade be broken down at the level of trade flows into various economic activities or sectors. Testing for imports and exports as a whole, seems too vast to better appreciate and interpret results correctly

Kaynakça

  • Alojzy Z, N. and Yochanan, S. (2012). Failing Institutions Are at the Core of the Euro Crisis, Penn Institute of Economic Research, Philadelphia.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and Mitra, R. (2008). Exchange rate risk and commodity trade between the US and India, Open Economies Review, 19, p. 71-80
  • Bayoumi, T. and Eichengreen, B.(1992). “Shocking Aspects of Monetary Unification”, National Bureau Economic Research Working Paper, No. 3949
  • Bayoumi, T. Harmsen, R and Jarkko Turunen (2011) “Euro Area Export Performance and Competitiveness”. International Monetary Fund. Working Paper No:11/140 http://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/6746131.pdf
  • Bremmer, I. (2007). The J-Curve: A new way to understand why nations rise and fall, viewed on the 30 June 2015 < http://www. amazon.co.uk/The-Curve-Understand-Nations-Rise/ dp/0743274725>
  • Brown, R.L, Durbin, J. and Evans J, M. (1975). Techniques for testing the constancy of regression relationships over time, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 149-162
  • De Grauwe, P. and Ji, Y. (2013). Economics of Monetary Union, 9th edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • De Grauwe, P. (1992) “German Monetary Unification”, European Economic Review, 36, pp. 445-453.
  • Engle, R, F. and Granger, C,W,J. (1987) Cointegration and error- correction: representation, estimation and testing, Econometrica, 55, p. 1251-1276
  • Horvath, J. (2003). ‘’Optimum Currency Area Theory: A Selective review’’ Bank of Finland Institute for Economies in Transition, Discussion papers No 15.
  • Huchet-Bourdon, M. and Korinek, J. (2011). “To What Extent Do Exchange Rates and their Volatility Affect Trade?”, OECD Trade Policy Papers, No. 119, OECD Publishing. <http:// dx.doi.org/10.1787/5kg3slm7b8hg-en>
  • Ishiyama, Y. (1975). “ The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas: A Survey”, IMF Staff Papers, 22, pp. 344-83.
  • Johansen, S. (1995). Likelihood based inference on cointegration in the vector autoregressive model, Oxford university press
  • Jurgen, M. (2009). ‘’Ten Years EMU – Reality Test for the OCA Endogeneity Hypothesis, Economic Divergences and Future Challenges’’ Intereconomics No, 44(2) pp114-128.
  • Kenen, P. (1969). ‘’The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas, An Eclectic View’’, in Mundell and Swoboda (eds.) Monetary Problems in the International Economy, University of Chicago
  • Lanyi, A. (1969). ‘’The Case for Floating Exchange Rates Reconsidered”, Essays in International Finance No. 72 viewed on 12 January 2015, < https://www.princeton.edu/~ies/IES_Essays/E72.pdf>
  • Larosière, J. (2) financial supervision in the European Union. Viewed on 4 April 2015, < http://ec.europa.eu/finance/general- policy/docs/de_larosiere_report_en.pdf>.
  • McKinnon, R. (1963). American Economic Association: Optimum Currency Areas The American Economic Review, Vol. 53, No. 4 pp. 717-725
  • Mundell, R. (1973). “Uncommon Arguments for Common Currencies”, in H.G. Johnson and A.K. Swoboda (eds.), The Economics of Common Currencies, George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London, pp. 114-32.
  • Mundell, R. (1961). A Theory of Optimum Currency Areas, American Economic Review, pp 657-665.
  • Pesaran Hashem, M., Shin, Y. and Smith, R.J. (2001). Bounds Testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16, p. 289-326.
  • Philip, R. L. (2012). ‘’The European Sovereign Debt Crisis’’ The Journal of Economic Perspective Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 49-6.
  • Tanja, B. (2005). ‘’The Theory of Optimum Currency Areas:A Literature Review’’, Privredna kretanja i ekonomska politika No, 104.
  • Tavlas, G. S. (1993). “The ‘New’ Theory of Optimum Currency Areas”, The World Economy, 16, pp. 663-685.
  • Welfens, P., J., J. (2009). Marshall-Learner Condition and Economic Globalization, EIIW, Volume 168.
  • Yellen, J,L. (2014). ‘’Monetary policy and financial stability’’ The 2014 Michel Camdessus Central Banking Lecture International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.
  • European Commission. (2015). Economic and Financial Affairs, the Euro, Adopting the Euro, Convergence reports, viewed on 17 June 2015, <http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/ adoption/euro_area/index_en.htm>.
  • European Commission. (1999). Economic and financial Affairs, How the EU works, History, viewed on 17 June <http://ec.europa. eu/economy_finance/publications/publication7454_en.pdf>.
  • European Commission (1990). One Market, One Money: An evaluation of potential benefits and costs of forming an economic and monetary union, European Economy No 44 October 1990, viewed on 30 September 2014, <http://ec.europa.eu/economy_ finance/publications/publication7454_en.pdf.>
  • European Central Bank, Eurosystem (2015). Statistical data warehouse: Selected indicators for the Euro area, viewed on 30 March 2015, < http://sdw.ecb.europa.eu>.
  • Federal Reserve (2015). Statement on longer-run goals and monetary policy strategy viewed on 30 January 2015, <http://www. federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/files/FOMC_ LongerRunGoals.pdf>
  • United States Census Bureau (2015). U.S trade in goods by country viewed on 30 March 2015, < http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/ balance/index.html>.
  • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (2015). Quarterly GDP figures on the Euro area and United States viewed on 30 March 2015, <https://data.oecd.org/gdp/quarterly-gdp. htm#indicator-chart>
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA65MA64CP
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

The Euro Area Bu kişi benim

Zelha Altınkaya Bu kişi benim

Fırat Bayır Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Area, T. E., Altınkaya, Z., & Bayır, F. (2015). Exchange Rate Volatility and Trade Flows in. Florya Chronicles of Political Economy, 1(1), 61-80.


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