Bir Uyum ve Başarı Modeli Örneği: Nasıl Bir Beurgeoise Oldum

Öz

İlk olarak Amerikalı antropolog J.W.Powell tarafından kullanılan kültürlenme (acculturation) kavramının kökenleri Hammurabi Kanunları’na ve Platon’a kadar uzanır; genel olarak, göçmenler söz konusu olduğunda, köken ve ev sahibi kültürler arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimi ifade eder ve dört farklı stratejiyi içerir: Uyum (intégration), ayrılma (séparation), asimilasyon (assimilation) ve marjinalleşme (marginalisation). Kültürlenme sürecinin sosyokültürel ve psikolojik sonuçları bireysel ve toplumsal düzeylere göre farklılık gösterir. Göçmenin ev sahibi kültürle olan iletişiminde süre, kültürel mesafe ve yaptığı bilinçli ya da bilinçsiz seçimler kültürlenmeyi etkiler. Son dönemlerde, sosyoloji, antropoloji, dilbilim ve felsefenin olduğu gibi, yazının da gözde konuları arasında yer alan kültürlenme, özellikle “Beur yazını”nda ayrıcalıklı bir yere sahiptir. Çalışmada Fransa’da “Beur yazını” yazarlarından Razika Zitouni’nin Comment je suis devenue une beurgeoise (Nasıl bir beurgeoise oldum) adlı romanı ataerkil dizgenin egemen olduğu Cezayir’den Fransa’ya göç eden bir ailede ikinci kuşak bir genç kız olan Razika’nın, kendi köken kültürünün ana ögelerini koruyarak, ev sahibi kültürde yeni bir kimlik oluşturma ve kendisini kültürel düzlemde Fransız duyumsama serüveni kültürlenme kavramı çerçevesinde uyum açısından ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• göç
• kültürlenme
• kimlik
• uyum

A Model of Adaptation and Success: How I Became a Beurgeoise

Öz

The term of acculturation, first used by the American anthropologist J.W. Powell, traces its origins back to the Code of Hammurabi and Plato; in general, in the case of migrants, it refers to the interaction between cultures of origin and host cultures and includes four different strategies: integration, separation, assimilation and marginalization. The sociocultural and psychological consequences of the acculturation process vary at individual and societal levels. The duration of the migrant’s contact with the host culture, cultural distance and the conscious or unconscious choices made by the migrant affect acculturation. In recent times, acculturation, which is one of the favorite topics of literature as well as sociology, anthropology, linguistics and philosophy, has a privileged place especially in “Beur literature”. In this study, the novel Comment je suis devenue une beurgeoise (How I became a beurgeoise) by Razika Zitouni, one of the authors of “Beur literature” in France, will be analyzed in terms of integration within the framework of the concept of acculturation in the adventure of Razika, a second generation young girl in a family immigrating to France from Algeria, where the patriarchal system is dominant, to create a new identity in the host culture by preserving the main elements of her own culture of origin and to feel herself French at the cultural level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• migration
• acculturation
• identity
• culture
• integration

Kaynakça

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