Araştırma Makalesi

Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World

Cilt: 32 Sayı: 127 1 Ağustos 2026
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Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World

Öz

This article examines how the dragon in China and the wolf in the Turkic world functioned as political and strategic symbols during the nineteenth century, a period marked by reform, foreign pressure, military adaptation, and changing ideas of sovereignty. Rather than treating these figures as decorative remnants of folklore, the article approaches them as instruments of mythostrategy: Symbolic resources through which rulers, elites, and communities explained authority, mobilized loyalty, and translated inherited beliefs into practical forms of governance. The Chinese dragon is analyzed in relation to the Mandate of Heaven, imperial ritual, bureaucratic hierarchy, and Qing efforts to preserve cosmic legitimacy while adopting selective Western military and administrative practices. The Turkic wolf is discussed through Asena, kut, the wolf-headed banner, the Ergenekon narrative, and steppe traditions that linked leadership to ancestry, mobility, collective survival, and martial skill. The comparison also follows these symbols into warfare, showing how dragon imagery supported defensive order and centralized command, while wolf imagery shaped ideals of agility, raid tactics, psychological pressure, and frontier solidarity. In the modern era, the wolf’s public role was partly constrained by sedentarization, Islamization, and imperial administration, whereas the dragon remained central to late Qing court culture and diplomatic representation. The article concludes that both symbols survived modernization not by remaining unchanged, but by being repeatedly reinterpreted as flexible sources of legitimacy, identity, and strategic imagination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Etik Beyan

Research and publication ethics statement: This article has been written as a completely original research study. It is based on historical, textual, and visual/documentary sources and has not been presented at any symposium, congress, etc., nor has it been submitted to another journal for evaluation. The author followed ethical principles and rules during the research and publication process. Contribution rates of authors to the article: The article is single-authored. Ethics committee approval: Ethics committee approval is not required for the study, as it does not involve human participants, personal data, experimental procedures, surveys, interviews, or animal subjects. Support statement: No financial support was received for the study. Conflict of interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

Kaynakça

  1. Acar, T. (2018). Wolf narratives in late Ottoman discourse. Steppe Studies, 5(2), 115-130.
  2. Alp, E. (2015). Centralization and mythic imagery in Turkic principalities. Orta Asya.
  3. Arslan, M. (2020). Mythic heritage and modern institutions in Turkic reforms. Anadolu.
  4. Ateş, O. (2017). Tactical evolution in steppe warfare. Eurasian Military Journal, 10(3), 35-47.
  5. Aydın, O. (2020). Islamization and local governance in Central Asia. Transoxiana Review, 13(1), 50-65.
  6. Aydemir, B. (2018). Turkic lineage and ancestral sovereignty. Nomad History Review, 12(3), 53-68.
  7. Balci, M. (2016). Wolf identity in the Turkic epic. In A. Demir (Ed.), Central Asian oral traditions (s. 85-102) Orta Asya Enstitüsü.
  8. Balkır, S. (2016). Bozkır epics and the adaptation to sedentarization. Orta Asya Enstitüsü.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Türkiye Dışındaki Türk Halk Bilimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

1 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

11 Haziran 2025

Kabul Tarihi

10 Nisan 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 127

Kaynak Göster

APA
Akduman, B. (2026). Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World. Folklor/Edebiyat, 32(127), 705-726. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.5053
AMA
1.Akduman B. Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World. folk/ed. 2026;32(127):705-726. doi:10.22559/folklor.5053
Chicago
Akduman, Birol. 2026. “Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World”. Folklor/Edebiyat 32 (127): 705-26. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.5053.
EndNote
Akduman B (01 Ağustos 2026) Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World. Folklor/Edebiyat 32 127 705–726.
IEEE
[1]B. Akduman, “Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World”, folk/ed, c. 32, sy 127, ss. 705–726, Ağu. 2026, doi: 10.22559/folklor.5053.
ISNAD
Akduman, Birol. “Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World”. Folklor/Edebiyat 32/127 (01 Ağustos 2026): 705-726. https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.5053.
JAMA
1.Akduman B. Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World. folk/ed. 2026;32:705–726.
MLA
Akduman, Birol. “Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World”. Folklor/Edebiyat, c. 32, sy 127, Ağustos 2026, ss. 705-26, doi:10.22559/folklor.5053.
Vancouver
1.Birol Akduman. Dragons and Wolves: Mythical Symbols of Authority, Strategy and Empire in China and the Turkic World. folk/ed. 01 Ağustos 2026;32(127):705-26. doi:10.22559/folklor.5053

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Alan Editörleri/ Field Editörs
Halkbilimi/Folklore
Prof.Dr. Hande Birkalan-Gedik (JohannWolfgang-Goethe İniversitet-birkalan-gedik@m.uni-frankfurt.de)
Prof.Dr. Ali Yakıcı (Gazi Üniversitesi-yakici@gazi.edu.tr)
Prof.Dr. Aynur Koçak (Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi-nurkocak@yildiz.edu.tr)
Prof.Dr. Işıl Altun (Regensburg Üniversitesi/Kocaeli Üniversitesi-İsil.Altun@zsk.uni-regensburg.de)
Doç.Dr. Ahmet Keskin (Samsun Üniversitesi-ahmet.keskin@samsun.edu.tr)

Edebiyat/Literature
Prof.Dr. Abdullah Uçman (Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi -emekli-29 MayısÜniversitesi-abdullahucman@29mayis.edu.tr
Prof. Dr. Ramazan Korkmaz (Ardahan Üniversitesi-emekli-Kafkasya Üniversiteler Birliği -KÜNİB-r_korkmaz@hotmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Emel Kefeli (Marmara Üniversitesi-emekli-İstanbul 29 Mayıs Üniversitesi-ayseemelkefeli @gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Zekiye Antakyalıoğlu ( İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi-zekabe@hotmail.com)
Doç.Dr. Koray Üstün (Hacettepe Üniversitesi-korayustun@hacettepe.edu.tr)

Antropoloji/Anthropology
Prof.Dr. Hanife Aliefendioğlu (Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi-hanife.aliefendioglu@emu.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Şebnem Pala Güzel (Başkent Üniversitesi-sebnempa@baskent.edu.tr)
Prof.Dr. Derya Atamtürk Duyar (İstanbul Üniversitesi-datamturk@istanbul.edu.tr)
Prof.Dr. Meryem Bulut (Ankara Üniversitesi-meryem.bulut@gmail.com)

Dil-Dilbilim/Language-Linguistics
Prof.Dr. Nurettin Demir (Hacettepe Üniversitesi-demir@hacettepe.edu.tr)
Prof. Dr. Aysu Erden (Maltepe Üniversitesi-aysuerden777@gmail.com)
Prof.Dr. Sema Aslan Demir (Hacettepe Üniversitesi-semaaslan@hacettepe.edu.tr)