Depremin Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Anneleri Üzerindeki Olumsuz Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 120 Ek, 1403 - 1428, 15.12.2024

Gül Kahveci , Nergüz Bulut Serin

https://doi.org/10.22559/folklor.3820

Öz

Travmatik olaylar, yaşamın doğal akışını bozan ve her zaman var olan durumlardır.
Bireylerin yaşam serüveni içinde travmatik bir olayla karşılaşma yaygınlığı %21.4
ile %89.6 arasında değişmektedir. Deprem gibi travmatik olaylara tanık olmak,
derinlemesine etkileyen, kaygı ve strese yol açan deneyimlerdir. Afetlere maruz
kalmak, genel bir sıkıntı hali, endişe, korku, tekrarlayan rahatsız edici anılar ve
depresyon belirtilerine yol açabilir. Bu durum, etkilenen bireylerin yaşam kalitesini
ve psikososyal işlevselliğini ciddi şekilde bozabilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de
yaşanan 6 şubat depremi sonrasında, depremin yarattığı olumsuzlukların
çocukları otizm spektrum bozukluğuna (OSB) sahip anneler üzerindeki psikolojik
etkilerini araştırmaktır. Aynı zamanda araştırma bu annelerin yaşadığı olumsuz
durumları ve diğer psikolojik sorunlarını belirlemeyi ve bu sorunlarla başa çıkma
stratejilerini anlamayı hedeflemektedir. Niteliksel ve betimleyici bir araştırma
yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler, katılımcılarla yapılan derinlemesine görüşmeler
ve odak grup tartışmaları yoluyla toplanmıştır. Bu yöntem, katılımcıların yaşadığı
duygusal ve bilişsel süreçlerin daha derinlemesine anlaşılmasını ve detaylı bir
analiz yapılmasını sağlamıştır. Araştırma, otizm spektrum bozukluğuna sahip çocukları
olan annelerin, travma sonrası stres belirtilerinde artma ve diğer ruh sağlığı
sorunlarına karşı daha savunmasız olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Otizm spektrum
bozukluğu olan çocukların özel gereksinimleri sürekli bakım ve gözetim gerektirdiğinden,
annelerin uzun vadede stres düzeylerini artırarak psikolojik sorunlar
yaşamalarına yol açarken, deprem gibi büyük çaplı bir travmatik olay, çocukların
düzen ve istikrar gereksinimi üzerinde olumsuz etkiler yaratarak, annelerin güvenlik
ve kontrol duygularını zedeleyerek, travma sonrası stres belirtilerini artırarak ek
bir psikolojik yüke neden olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu tür desteklerin sağlanması,
afet sonrası psikolojik dayanıklılığı artırmada kritik bir rol oynayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

otizm spektrum bozukluğu, travmatik olaylar, depreme tepkiler

The Negative Effects of the Earthquake on Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Öz

There have always been events that dislocated the processes of life. The prevalence
of experiencing a traumatic event in life has been variably reported from 21.4% to
89.6%. Traumatic events related to earthquakes, as experienced here, are among such
experiences which are highly influencing in nature and inducing anxiety and stress.
Such a condition may lead to a severe impairment in quality of life and psychosocial
functioning. The aim of this research is to investigate the psychological effects
of the earthquake on mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)
after the February 6 earthquake in Turkey. At the same time, the research aims to
determine the negative situations and other psychological problems experienced
by these mothers and to understand their coping strategies. This is a qualitative and
hence descriptive research method. Data collection is through in-depth interviews
and focus group discussions with the participants. In this way, one obtains an
in-depth understanding and elaborate analysis of the emotional and cognitive
processes the participants go through. While the special needs of children with
autism spectrum disorder require constant care and supervision, increasing the
mothers’ stress levels in the long term and leading them to develop psychological
problems, a large-scale traumatic event such as an earthquake causes an additional
psychological burden by creating adverse effects on children’s need for order and
stability, damaging feelings of security and control of mothers, and increasing
symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Finally, such support has the potential to help
raise psychological resilience after a disaster.

Anahtar Kelimeler

autism spectrum disorder, traumatic events, reactions to earthguake

Etik Beyan

Author contribution rates to the article: The first author of this article contributed 50% to the preparation of the study, data collection, interpretation of the results, and writing of the article. Conflict of interests: There is no potential conflict of interest in the study. Ethical approval: Permission for the study was obtained from Lefke Avrupa University Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee, with the date and number 07.06.2024.BAYEK049.04. Informed consent: Participants were informed about the purpose, process, benefits, and potential risks of the relevant research. It was stated both in writing and verbally that the research was conducted on a voluntary basis and that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences. Funding: The study received no financial support from any institution or project. Data availability: The data has been saved to a USB storage device. However, since participants were informed that their data would not be shared with third parties, access to the stored information is restricted. All data will be deleted and destroyed after five years.

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