Son Dönem Hollywood Sinemasında Anne Temsilleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 1 - 13, 25.12.2019

Gül Yaşartürk

Öz

Hollywood sinemasında anne temsilleri özellikle Stella Dallas (1939), A Woman Under the Influence
(1974) ve Kramer vs Kramer (1979) filmlerinde karşımıza çıkan belli kalıplara sıkışmıştır. Hollywood
sineması patriyarkal mitleri ebedileştirmektedir ve Batı kültürünün anne temsillerini iyi anne, kötü
anne, kahraman anne ve zayıf anne olmak üzere dört genel kategori altında başlıklandırmak
mümkündür. Çalışmada, 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında çekilmiş The Florida Project, Lady Bird, Three
Bilboards Outside Ebbing Missouri ve Tully anne karakterler aynı zamanda baş karakter olarak da
konumlandıkları için örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Seçilen filmler, Hollywood filmlerinde anne
temsillerinin sıkıştığı kategorileri aşıp aşmadıkları, anne karakterlerine aynı zamanda özne dişil
bireyler olarak bakıp bakmadıkları sorusundan hareketle analiz edileceklerdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hollywood Cinema, mother representations

Kaynakça

• Kaynakça All that Heaven Allows 1955 Film. Directed by Douglas Sirk USA: Universal International Pictures. Alice Doesn’t Live Here Any More. 1974. Film. Directed by Martin Scorsese. USA:Warner Bros. A Woman under Influence. 1974. Film. Directed by John Cassavetes. USA: The Criterion Collection. Clark, Cath. “Mother superior: it’s been a great year for on-screen mums.” The Guardian, December 15, 2017. https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/dec/15/mother-superior-its-been-a-great-year-for-onscreen-mums Clark, Cath. “How cinema embraced the silent agony of being a parent.” The Guardian, July 26, 2018 https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/jul/26/how-cinema-embraced-the-silent-agony-of-being-a-parent Das, Richa. “Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Breaks Free from Conventional Womanhood to Bark Loud and Clear About Violence Against Women” Brown Girl Magazine, May 30, 2018. https://www.browngirlmagazine.com/2018/05/three-billboards-outside-ebbing-missouri-breaks-free-from-conventionalwomanhood- bark-violence-against-women/ Dockary, Heather. “The Oscars snubbed 'The Florida Project' because we don't like stories of women in poverty” Mashable, January 30, 2018. https://mashable.com/2018/01/29/the-florida-project-snub-womens-poverty/#qwWki0tzwaqA East Lynne 1931 Film. Directed by Frank llyod USA: Fox Film Corporation Forward, Susan - Craig Buck. Zor Bir Ailede Büyümek. çev: Ahu Terzi. (İstanbul: İletişim, 2018). Hayward, Susan. Sinemanın Temel Kavramları. çev: Uğur Kutay. (İstanbul: Es, 2012). Hirsch, Marianne. “Mothers Daughters A Review Essay”, Signs, 7(1) (1981): 200-222 İmitation of Life 1959 Film. Directed by Douglas Sirk USA: Universal International Pictures Kaplan, Ann.E. “The Case of the Missing Mother.” In Feminism & Film, edited by E. Ann Kaplan, 466-478. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). Kaplan, Ann.E. Women and Film. (New York: Taylor & Francis e- Library, 2001). Kaplan, Ann.E. “Mothering, Feminism and Representation” In Home is Where the Heart Is, edited by Christine Gledhill, 113-137. (London:BFI Publishing, 1992) Karlyn, R. Kathleen. Unruly Girls, Unrepentant Mothers. (Austin: University of Texas Press,2011). Kolker, Robert. Film, Biçim ve Kültür. çev: Fırat Ertınaz, Ali Güney, Zeynep Özen, Onur Şakır, Berivan Tokem, Dilek Tunalı, Ertan Yılmaz. (İstanbul: De Ki, 2011) Kramer vs Kramer. 1979. Film. Directed by Robert Benton. USA: Columbia Pictures. Lady Bird. 2017. Film. Directed by Greta Gerwig. USA:A24. Mildred Pierce. 1945. Film. Directed by Michael Curtiz. USA:Warner Bros. Monaco, James. Bir Film Nasıl Okunur. çev: Ertan Yılmaz. (İstanbul: Oğlak,2002). Özden, İ. Ayşenur. Mary Elizabeth Braddon'ın Lady Audley's Secret, Ellen Price'ın East Lynne ve Anne Bronte'nin The Tenant of Wildfell Hall Romanlarındaki Kadın İmgesinin Fransız Feminizmi Bağlamında İncelenmesi Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi (Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2016). Porter, Marie. “Focus on Mothering”, Hecate, 36 (1/2) (2010): 5-16. Ryan Michael – Kellner, Douglas. Politik Kamera. çev: Elif Özsayar (İstanbul: İletişim,2010). Ryan, Michael – Lenos, Melisa. Film Çözümlemesine Giriş. çev: Emrah Suat Onat (İstanbul: De Ki, 2012). Sever, Merin. “Kadınlık, Annelik, Gönüllü Çocuksuzluk: Elisabeth Badinter’den Kadınlık mı Annelik mi?, Tina Miller’dan Annelik Duygusu: Mitler ve Deneyimler ve Corinne Maier’den No Kid Üzerinden Bir Karşılaştırmalı Okuma Çalışması”, Fe Journal, 7(2) (2015):72-86 Stark, Hannah. Deleuze’den Sonra Feminist Teori çev: Yonca Cingöz (İstanbul:Otonom, 2019) Stella Dallas. 1937. Film. Directed by King Vidor. USA: United Artists. The Exorcist 1973 Film. Directed by William Friedkin USA: Warner Bros The Four Hundred Blows. 1959. Film. Directed by François Truffaut. France: Cocinor. The Florida Project. 2017. Film. Directed by Sean Baker. UK: Altitude Film Entertainment. Three Billboards Outside Ebbing Missouri. 2017. Film. Directed by Martin McDonagh. USA: Fox Searchlight Pictures Titanic. 1997. Film. Directed by James Cameron. USA:Paramount Pictures. Tully. 2018. Film. Directed by Jason Reitman. USA: Focus Features Valenti, Jessica. “For women in America, equality is still an illusion” 21.2. 2010. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/02/19/AR2010021902049.html Way Down East 1920 Film. Directed by D.W. Griffith USA: D.W. Griffith Productions Wiedenfeld, Grant. “Tully, or The First Rule of Caring Club Is…” Offscreen, 22(5) (2018). https://offscreen.com/view/tully-jason-reitman Yetener, Müge. “Tarihin tetiğini çeken feminist: Betty Friedan” 19. 2. 2019 https://catlakzemin.com/19-subat-1963-tarihin-tetigini-ceken-feminist-betty-friedan/ (yazarı yok) #FeminizmOnFilm: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri ENGENDER 20.2. 2018. https://www.engender.org.uk/news/blog/feminismonfilm-three-billboards-outside-ebbing-mi/?