Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Ve Ekonomik Büyüme

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 53 - 67, 01.06.2011

Elissa Braunstein

https://doi.org/10.1501/Fe0001_0000000055

Cited By: 1

Öz

Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitliği Ve Ekonomik Büyüme Bugünlerde kalkınma çalışan profesyonellerinin öne sürdüğü politika tavsiyelerinden biri, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin iktisadi büyüme için olumsuz etkisini dikkate alır: etkinlik amacıyla toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği savı. Bu savın ardındaki iktisadi mantık çok açıktır: kadınların eğitim, istihdam ve diğer iktisadi olanaklardan dışlanması potansiyel işgücü ve girişimci havuzunu kısıtlar ve ekonomileri önemli bir iktisadi değerden mahrum bırakır. Kadına karşı ayrımcılık ve toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliği ayrıca doğurganlığı artırma eğilimindedir. Bunun yanı sıra bir sonraki dönemde beşeri sermayenin oluşturulması için mevcut dönemde yapılan yatırımları düşürür ve hane üretkenliğinin büyümesini kısıtlar ki bütün bunlar kişi başına düşen gelir düzeyinin büyüme oranının düşük kalmasıyla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu makalede, öncelikle, birçok iktisatçının iktisadi büyümeyi nasıl ele aldığını ve oluşturulan modellerde toplumsal cinsiyetin rolünü kısaca özetleyerek, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin büyümeye nasıl bir katkı sağladığını eleştirel bir biçimde inceliyoruz. Daha sonra, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin iktisadi büyüme ve verimlilik üzerindeki doğrudan etkilerine dair yapılmış makro ve mikroekonomik çalışmaları tarayarak toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinden iktisadi büyümeye götürdüğü varsayılan patikaları ayrıntılarıyla inceliyoruz. Bu bağlamda, doğurganlığın azalması, çocuklara yapılan yatırımlar ve siyasi yolsuzlukların daha az olması gibi dolaylı mekanizmalara dair yapılmış araştırmaları da değerlendiriyoruz. Çalışmayı, yakın zamanda yapılmış, belli bazı koşullar altında toplumsal cinsiyet eşitsizliğinin aslında iktisadi büyümeye katkıda bulunduğunu savunan araştırmalara değinerek sonlandırıyoruz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toplumsal cinsiyet, Büyüme, Eşitsizlik, Etkinlik, Ayrımcılık

Gender Equality and Economic Growth

Öz

One of the most compelling policy arguments proffered by development professionals these days is that gender inequality is bad for economic growth – the efficiency argument for gender equality. The economic logic for this argument is straightforward: excluding women from education, employment and other economic opportunities limits the pool of potential workers and innovators and robs economies of a key productive asset. Discrimination against women and gender inequality also tend to raise fertility, lower investments in the next generation of human capital, and restrict household productivity growth, all of which have been linked with lower rates of per capita income growth. In this article we critically explore how gender equality contributes to economic growth, beginning with a brief overview of how most economists think about economic growth, and the role of gender in these models. We then detail the hypothesized pathways from gender equality to economic growth, covering both macroeconomic and microeconomic studies of the direct effects that gender equality has on economic growth and productivity, as well as research on the indirect mechanisms of fertility decline, investments in children, and less political corruption. We conclude with a discussion of recent research which argues that, under certain circumstances, gender inequality may actually contribute to economic growth

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gender, Growth, Inequality, Efficiency, Discrimination

Kaynakça

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