Araştırma Makalesi
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A Feminist Interpretation of A True Story of Lucian of Samosata

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 12 - 20, 10.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1062414

Öz

Lucian of Samosata was a satirist and rhetorician who lived in the second century BC. He was the author of the earliest known science fiction novel, A True Story. In this story, Lucian travels to the Moon, joining the war between the moon people and the solar people. What makes this story interesting is that Lucian tells us there are no women among moon people, and men give birth to children. As stated rightly by Morena Deriu, this situation can be seen as a satirization of the exclusion of women from the public sphere. However, it should not be forgotten that giving a place to gods giving birth in myths was an attempt to legitimize that a child’s real parent is a man, not a woman. In this paper, in addition to Deriu’s claims, I will argue that when Lucian said Lunarian men could give birth to children, he was criticizing the order established by men, who saw themselves as the only and real parent of a child. The elements used by Lucian regarding the Eleusinian mysteries and his reference to Aristophanes’ comedy The Birds will be considered as supporting this claim.

Kaynakça

  • Aeschylus. The Oresteia (Çev. Shapiro, A. ve Burian, P.), (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).
  • Aristophanes. “The Acharnians,” Aristophanes V. 1 çev. B. B. Rogers (London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1930).
  • Aristophanes. “Birds,” Birds, Lysistrata, Assembly-Women, Wealth çev. S. Halliwell (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 1–78.
  • Arnhart, Larry. “A Sociobiological Defense of Aristotle’s Sexual Politics” International Political Science Review, 15(4) (1994): 389–415.
  • Baring, Anne ve Jules Cashford. The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an Image (London: Penguin Books, 1993).
  • Bianchi, Emanuela. “Aristotle and the Masculinization of Phusis” The Yearbook of Comparative Literature, 58 (2012): 7–34.
  • Blundell, Sue. Women in Ancient Greece (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995).
  • Brake, Mark. Alien Life Imagined: Communicating the Science and Culture of Astrobiology (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
  • Cosmopoulos, Michael B. Bronze Age Eleusis and the Origins of the Eleusinian Mysteries (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015).
  • Crowe, Michael J. The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, Antiquity to 1915: A Source Book (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame, 2008).
  • Csapo, Eric. “Riding the Phallus for Dionysus: Iconology, Ritual, and Gender-Role De/Construction” Phoenix, 51(3/4) (1997): 253–295.
  • De Witt, Norman. Epicurus and his Philosophy (St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press, 1954).
  • Dean-Jones, Lesley A. Women’s Bodies in Classical Greek Science (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994).
  • Deriu, Morena. “How to Imagine a World without Women: Hyperreality in Lucian’s True Histories” Medea, 3(1) (2017): 1–22.
  • Frazer, James G. Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Part 3: The Dying God, 3th ed. (London: Macmillan and Co, 1911).
  • Freudenthal, Gad. Aristotle’s Theory of Material Substance: Heat and Pneuma, Form and Soul (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).
  • Goldhill, Simon. Aeschylus: The Oresteia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
  • Gordon, Pamela. “Remembering the Garden: The Trouble with Women in the School of Epicurus,” Philodemus and the New Testament World eds. J. T. Fitzgerald vd. (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 221–244.
  • Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology (New York: Routledge, 2004).
  • Llyod, Geoffrey E. R. “Aspects of the Relationship between Aristotle’s Psychology and his Zoology,” Essays on Aristotle’s De Anima eds. M. C. Nussbaum ve A. O. Rorty (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 147–168.
  • Lucian. The Syrian Goddess (Çev. Herbert A. Strong), (London: Constable & Company Ltd, 1913).
  • Lucian. “Alexander the False Prophet,” Lucian Vol. IV çev. A. M. Harmon (London: Harvard University Press, 1961).
  • Lukianos. “Olmuş Bir Öykü,” Tanrıların Konuşmaları: Seçme Yazılar çev. Nurullah Ataç (İstanbul: Everest Yayınları, 2016a), 551–597.
  • Lukianos. “Prometheus ya da Kaukasos Dağı,” Tanrıların Konuşmaları: Seçme Yazılar çev. Nurullah Ataç (İstanbul: Everest Yayınları, 2016b), 427–436.
  • Plato. Symposium (Çev. M. C. Howatson), (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
  • Pomeroy, Sarah. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity (New York: Schocken Books, 1995).
  • Remler, Pat. Egyptian Mythology A to Z (New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006).
  • Roman, Luke ve Monica Roman. Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology (New York: Facts On File., 2010).
  • Ruck, Carl A. P. Sacred Mushrooms of the Goddess (Oakland: California, Ronin Publishing, 2006).
  • Seaford, Richard. Dionysos (New York: Routledge, 2006).
  • Snyder, Jane M. The Woman and the Lyre: Women Writers in Classical Greece and Rome (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1989).

Samsatlı Lukianos’un Gerçek Bir Öykü’sünün Feminist Bir Yorumu

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1, 12 - 20, 10.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1062414

Öz

Samsatlı Lukianos, M.S. ikinci yüzyılda yaşamış bir hicivci ve retorikçidir. Kendisi, bildiğimiz en erken bilim kurgu romanı olan Gerçek Bir Öykü’nün yazarıdır. Bu hikayede Lukianos Ay’a yolculuk yapmakta, Aylılar ile Güneşliler arasında yapılan savaşa katılmaktadır. Bu hikayeyi bizim açımızdan ilginç kılan ise, Lukianos’un Aylılar arasında dişi cins olmadığını ve çocukları erkeklerin doğurduğunu söylemesidir. Morena Deriu’nun da haklı olarak ifade ettiği üzere bu durum, o dönemde kadının kamusal alandan dışlanmasının bir hicvi olarak görülebilir. Lukianos, erkeklerin kendi çocuklarını doğurması fikrini Yunan söylencelerinden almıştır. Deriu, Lukianos’un Ay’da kadın yok ve Aylı erkekler doğum yapar demesiyle, tanrıların doğum yapmasını alaya aldığını ileri sürer. Fakat şu unutulmamalıdır ki, söylencelerde tanrıların doğum yapmaları, çocuk üzerinde mutlak hak sahibinin ve de çocuğun gerçek ebeveyninin kadın değil erkek olduğunu meşrulaştırma girişimleriydi. Bu makalede, Deriu’nun iddialarına ilave olarak, Aylı erkeklerin çocuk doğurabildiklerini söylemekle Lukianos’un, kendini çocuğun tek ve gerçek ebeveyni olarak gören erkeğin meydana getirdiği düzeni eleştirdiğini ileri süreceğim. Lukianos’un, Gerçek Bir Öykü adlı eserinde Eleusis gizemleri ile ilgili kullandığı olgular ile Aristofanes’in Kuşlar adlı komedyasına yaptığı gönderme de, bu iddiayı destekleyici olarak ele alınacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Aeschylus. The Oresteia (Çev. Shapiro, A. ve Burian, P.), (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004).
  • Aristophanes. “The Acharnians,” Aristophanes V. 1 çev. B. B. Rogers (London: William Heinemann Ltd., 1930).
  • Aristophanes. “Birds,” Birds, Lysistrata, Assembly-Women, Wealth çev. S. Halliwell (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 1–78.
  • Arnhart, Larry. “A Sociobiological Defense of Aristotle’s Sexual Politics” International Political Science Review, 15(4) (1994): 389–415.
  • Baring, Anne ve Jules Cashford. The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an Image (London: Penguin Books, 1993).
  • Bianchi, Emanuela. “Aristotle and the Masculinization of Phusis” The Yearbook of Comparative Literature, 58 (2012): 7–34.
  • Blundell, Sue. Women in Ancient Greece (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995).
  • Brake, Mark. Alien Life Imagined: Communicating the Science and Culture of Astrobiology (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013).
  • Cosmopoulos, Michael B. Bronze Age Eleusis and the Origins of the Eleusinian Mysteries (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015).
  • Crowe, Michael J. The Extraterrestrial Life Debate, Antiquity to 1915: A Source Book (Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame, 2008).
  • Csapo, Eric. “Riding the Phallus for Dionysus: Iconology, Ritual, and Gender-Role De/Construction” Phoenix, 51(3/4) (1997): 253–295.
  • De Witt, Norman. Epicurus and his Philosophy (St. Paul: University of Minnesota Press, 1954).
  • Dean-Jones, Lesley A. Women’s Bodies in Classical Greek Science (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994).
  • Deriu, Morena. “How to Imagine a World without Women: Hyperreality in Lucian’s True Histories” Medea, 3(1) (2017): 1–22.
  • Frazer, James G. Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion, Part 3: The Dying God, 3th ed. (London: Macmillan and Co, 1911).
  • Freudenthal, Gad. Aristotle’s Theory of Material Substance: Heat and Pneuma, Form and Soul (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).
  • Goldhill, Simon. Aeschylus: The Oresteia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
  • Gordon, Pamela. “Remembering the Garden: The Trouble with Women in the School of Epicurus,” Philodemus and the New Testament World eds. J. T. Fitzgerald vd. (Leiden: Brill, 2004), 221–244.
  • Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology (New York: Routledge, 2004).
  • Llyod, Geoffrey E. R. “Aspects of the Relationship between Aristotle’s Psychology and his Zoology,” Essays on Aristotle’s De Anima eds. M. C. Nussbaum ve A. O. Rorty (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 147–168.
  • Lucian. The Syrian Goddess (Çev. Herbert A. Strong), (London: Constable & Company Ltd, 1913).
  • Lucian. “Alexander the False Prophet,” Lucian Vol. IV çev. A. M. Harmon (London: Harvard University Press, 1961).
  • Lukianos. “Olmuş Bir Öykü,” Tanrıların Konuşmaları: Seçme Yazılar çev. Nurullah Ataç (İstanbul: Everest Yayınları, 2016a), 551–597.
  • Lukianos. “Prometheus ya da Kaukasos Dağı,” Tanrıların Konuşmaları: Seçme Yazılar çev. Nurullah Ataç (İstanbul: Everest Yayınları, 2016b), 427–436.
  • Plato. Symposium (Çev. M. C. Howatson), (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
  • Pomeroy, Sarah. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity (New York: Schocken Books, 1995).
  • Remler, Pat. Egyptian Mythology A to Z (New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006).
  • Roman, Luke ve Monica Roman. Encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology (New York: Facts On File., 2010).
  • Ruck, Carl A. P. Sacred Mushrooms of the Goddess (Oakland: California, Ronin Publishing, 2006).
  • Seaford, Richard. Dionysos (New York: Routledge, 2006).
  • Snyder, Jane M. The Woman and the Lyre: Women Writers in Classical Greece and Rome (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1989).
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kadın Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ünsal Çimen

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Çimen, Ünsal. “Samsatlı Lukianos’un Gerçek Bir Öykü’sünün Feminist Bir Yorumu”. Fe Dergi 14, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 12-20. https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1062414.