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Crossing the Borders of the Genre and Gender: Jeanette Winterson’s Redefinition of the Bildungsroman in Oranges are Not the Only Fruit

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 78 - 89, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1151781

Öz

This study focuses on the appropriation of the Bildungsroman genre in Jeanette Winterson’s first book Oranges are Not the Only Fruit (1985), a novel which is often referred to as the fictionalization of the author’s upbringing. The novel traces the coming out story of the lesbian protagonist Jeanette who struggles to live in a fundamentalist evangelical community that fails to embrace Jeanette’s sexual orientation and denounces it as “unnatural passions.” This conflict on (sexual)identity between the protagonist and society, the main feature of the traditional Bildungsroman genre, is represented as the core element of Oranges are Not the Only Fruit. In the novel, strictly religious public space constantly works towards constructing Jeanette’s identity defining the limits of normal and natural for her. However, Jeanette tries to deconstruct and reconstruct that given identity and attain subjectivity by discovering her sexuality and creating a homespace for herself amidst possibilities. Like Jeanette who rejects heteronormativity and rewrites her own story, Winterson challenges the normativity of Bildung narratives and pushes the boundaries of the Bildungsroman for redefinition. For all these reasons, drawing on Jeanette’s Becoming within the dynamics of her social space, this study aims at discussing Jeanette Winterson’s subversion of the classical male-centred narratives of selfdevelopment and her revision of the Bildungsroman within a feminist framework in Oranges are Not the Only Fruit.

Kaynakça

  • Andermahr, Sonya. Jeanette Winterson. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
  • Antakyalıoğlu, Z. “Telling the Temporary as Permanent: Jeanette Winterson’s Re-Working of Autobiography in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit and Weight: The Myth of Atlas and Heracles,” Winterson Narrating Time and Space, edited by M. J-M Sönmez and M. Özyurt Kılıç. (Cambridge Scholars, 2009), 2-17.
  • Antosa, Silvia. Crossing Boundaries: Bodily Paradigms in Jeanette Winterson's fiction 1985-2000. (Aracne Editrice, 2008).
  • Anzaldua, Gloria. Borderlands/la frontera: The New Mestiza. (Aunt Lute Book Company, 1987).
  • Bailey, Peggy Dunn. “Writing 'Herstory': Narrative Reconstruction in Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit,” The Philological Review, 32.2, (2006): 61-78.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich. “The Bildungsroman and Its Significance in the History of Realism.” Speech Genres & Other Late Essays, edited by C. Emerson and M. Holquist. (University of Texas Press, 1986), 10-60.
  • Belsey, Catherine. “Constructing the Subject, Deconstructing the Text.” Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism, edited by R. Warhol and D. Herndi, (New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1997), 657-673.
  • Boes, Tobias. “Modernist Studies and the Bildungsroman: A Historical Survey of Critical Trends,” Literature Compass, 3/2, (2006), 230-243.
  • Bollinger, Laurel. “Models for Female Loyalty: The Biblical Ruth in Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit,” Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, Vol 13.2, (University of Tulsa, 1994), 362-380.
  • Griffin, Gabrielle. “Acts of Defiance: Celebrating Lesbians.” It’s My Party: Reading Twentieth-Century Women’s Writing, edited by G. Wisker (Pluto, 1994), 80-103.
  • Joannou, Maroula. (2019). “The Female Bildungsroman in the Twentieth Century.” A History of the Bildungsroman, edited by Sarah Graham (Cambridge University Press, 2019), 200-217.
  • Kristeva, Julia. “Women's Time.” Translated by Alice Jardine and Harry Blake. Signs, Vol. 7, no.1, (University of Chicago Press, 1981), 13-35.
  • Makinen, Merja and Nicolas Tredell. The Novels of Jeanette Winterson. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
  • Moretti, Franco. The Way of the World: The Bildungsroman in European Culture. (Verso, 1987).
  • Palmer, Paulina. Contemporary Lesbian Writing: Dreams, desire, difference. (Open UP, 1993).
  • Reisman, Mara. “Integrating Fantasy and Reality in Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit,” Rocky Mountain Review, vol.65, no.1, (2011). http://www.jstor.org/stable/41289361
  • Reynolds, Margaret and Jonathan Noakes (eds.). Jeanette Winterson: The Essential Guide. (Vintage, 2003).
  • Salmon, Richard. “The English Bildungsroman.” The Nineteenth-Century Novel 1820-1880, vol. 3., edited by J. Kucich and B. Taylor, (Oxford University Press, 2011), 90-105.
  • Salmon, Richard. “The Bildungsroman and Nineteenth-Century British Fiction.” A History of the Bildungsroman, edited by Sarah Graham (Cambridge University Press, 2019), 57-83.
  • Onega, Susana. Jeanette Winterson. (Manchester University Press, 2006).
  • Onega, Susana. “I’m Telling You Stories. Trust Me. History/Story-telling in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges are Not the Only Fruit.” Telling Histories: Narrativizing History, Historicizing Literature, edited by Susana Onega. (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1995), 135-145.
  • Winterson, Jeanette. Introduction. Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. (Vintage, 1991). eBook.
  • Winterson, Jeanette. Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. (The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1987).
  • Winterson, Jeanette. Art Objects: Essays on Ecstasy and Effrontery. (Vintage, 1997). eBook.

Edebi Türün ve Toplumsal Cinsiyetin Sınırlarını Aşmak: Jeanette Winterson’ın Tek Meyve Portakal Değildir Romanında Bildungsroman’ın Yeniden Tanımlanması

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 78 - 89, 15.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1151781

Öz

Bu çalışma, Jeanette Winterson'ın ilk romanı olan ve genellikle yazarın öz yasam öyküsünden yola çıkarak yazıldığı düşünülen Tek Meyve Portakal Değildir (1985) romanının Bildungsroman (Oluşum Romanı) edebi türünün özellikleri bağlamında yeniden yorumlanmasını incelemektedir. Roman, lezbiyen bir kadın olan Jeanette’ın, onun cinsel yönelimini kabullenmeyip “anormal tutkular” olarak nitelendiren kökten dinci bir toplulukta sürdürdüğü yaşam çabasının, diğer bir deyişle, oluşum öyküsünün izlerini sürüyor. Geleneksel Bildungsroman türünün de başlıca özelliklerinden birisi olan kahraman ve toplum arasındaki (cinsel)kimlik üzerindeki bu çatışma Tek Meyve Portakal Değildir romanının temel ögesi olarak temsil edilir. Romanda, aşırı dinci toplumsal alan Jeanette için normal ve doğal olanın sınırlarını belirleyerek sürekli olarak onun kimliğini inşa etmeye çalışır. Buna karşılık Jeanette da cinselliğini keşfederek ve kendine olasılıklar arasında bir yuva alanı açarak bu kimliği yeniden oluşturmaya ve öznelliğine kavuşmaya çabalar. Nasıl ki Jeanette heteronormatifliği reddederek hikayesini yeniden yazıyorsa, Winterson da oluşum anlatılarının geleneksel kalıplarına meydan okuyarak Bildungsroman türünün sınırlarını yeniden tanımlar. Tüm bu nedenlerle, bu çalışma Jeanette Winterson'ın Tek Meyve Portakal Değildir romanında Jeanette’ın toplumsal alanın dinamikleri içindeki oluşum hikayesinden yola çıkarak, yazarın eril merkezli oluşum anlatısı geleneğini ters yüz ederek Bildungsroman anlatı türünü feminist bir çerçeve içinde yeniden tanımlamasını ele almayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Andermahr, Sonya. Jeanette Winterson. Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
  • Antakyalıoğlu, Z. “Telling the Temporary as Permanent: Jeanette Winterson’s Re-Working of Autobiography in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit and Weight: The Myth of Atlas and Heracles,” Winterson Narrating Time and Space, edited by M. J-M Sönmez and M. Özyurt Kılıç. (Cambridge Scholars, 2009), 2-17.
  • Antosa, Silvia. Crossing Boundaries: Bodily Paradigms in Jeanette Winterson's fiction 1985-2000. (Aracne Editrice, 2008).
  • Anzaldua, Gloria. Borderlands/la frontera: The New Mestiza. (Aunt Lute Book Company, 1987).
  • Bailey, Peggy Dunn. “Writing 'Herstory': Narrative Reconstruction in Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit,” The Philological Review, 32.2, (2006): 61-78.
  • Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich. “The Bildungsroman and Its Significance in the History of Realism.” Speech Genres & Other Late Essays, edited by C. Emerson and M. Holquist. (University of Texas Press, 1986), 10-60.
  • Belsey, Catherine. “Constructing the Subject, Deconstructing the Text.” Feminisms: An Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism, edited by R. Warhol and D. Herndi, (New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1997), 657-673.
  • Boes, Tobias. “Modernist Studies and the Bildungsroman: A Historical Survey of Critical Trends,” Literature Compass, 3/2, (2006), 230-243.
  • Bollinger, Laurel. “Models for Female Loyalty: The Biblical Ruth in Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit,” Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, Vol 13.2, (University of Tulsa, 1994), 362-380.
  • Griffin, Gabrielle. “Acts of Defiance: Celebrating Lesbians.” It’s My Party: Reading Twentieth-Century Women’s Writing, edited by G. Wisker (Pluto, 1994), 80-103.
  • Joannou, Maroula. (2019). “The Female Bildungsroman in the Twentieth Century.” A History of the Bildungsroman, edited by Sarah Graham (Cambridge University Press, 2019), 200-217.
  • Kristeva, Julia. “Women's Time.” Translated by Alice Jardine and Harry Blake. Signs, Vol. 7, no.1, (University of Chicago Press, 1981), 13-35.
  • Makinen, Merja and Nicolas Tredell. The Novels of Jeanette Winterson. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005).
  • Moretti, Franco. The Way of the World: The Bildungsroman in European Culture. (Verso, 1987).
  • Palmer, Paulina. Contemporary Lesbian Writing: Dreams, desire, difference. (Open UP, 1993).
  • Reisman, Mara. “Integrating Fantasy and Reality in Jeanette Winterson's Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit,” Rocky Mountain Review, vol.65, no.1, (2011). http://www.jstor.org/stable/41289361
  • Reynolds, Margaret and Jonathan Noakes (eds.). Jeanette Winterson: The Essential Guide. (Vintage, 2003).
  • Salmon, Richard. “The English Bildungsroman.” The Nineteenth-Century Novel 1820-1880, vol. 3., edited by J. Kucich and B. Taylor, (Oxford University Press, 2011), 90-105.
  • Salmon, Richard. “The Bildungsroman and Nineteenth-Century British Fiction.” A History of the Bildungsroman, edited by Sarah Graham (Cambridge University Press, 2019), 57-83.
  • Onega, Susana. Jeanette Winterson. (Manchester University Press, 2006).
  • Onega, Susana. “I’m Telling You Stories. Trust Me. History/Story-telling in Jeanette Winterson’s Oranges are Not the Only Fruit.” Telling Histories: Narrativizing History, Historicizing Literature, edited by Susana Onega. (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1995), 135-145.
  • Winterson, Jeanette. Introduction. Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. (Vintage, 1991). eBook.
  • Winterson, Jeanette. Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit. (The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1987).
  • Winterson, Jeanette. Art Objects: Essays on Ecstasy and Effrontery. (Vintage, 1997). eBook.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kadın Araştırmaları
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Dilek Ozturk Yagci 0000-0001-9573-1444

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Ozturk Yagci, Dilek. “Crossing the Borders of the Genre and Gender: Jeanette Winterson’s Redefinition of the Bildungsroman in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit”. Fe Dergi 14, sy. 2 (Aralık 2022): 78-89. https://doi.org/10.46655/federgi.1151781.