HEİDEGGER'DEN SARTRE'A VAROLUŞ KAVRAMININ ONTOLOJİK, FENOMENOLOJİK VE VAROLUŞÇU ANLAMI

Öz

Heidegger'den Sartre'a Varoluş Kavramının Ontolojik, Fenomenolojik ve Varoluşçu Anlamı

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ontoloji
• Fenomenoloji
• Marin Heidegger
• Jean-Paul Sartre
• Varoluş
• Varoluşçuluk
• Öz

FENOMENOLOGICAL, ONTOLOGICAL AND EXISTENTIALIST INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CONCEPTS OF EXISTENCE IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF SARTRE AND HEİDEGGER

Öz

The present study explores the ontological, phenomenological and existentialist interpretations of the concept of existence in the philosophy of two leading existentialist philosophers, Martin Heiddegger and Jean-Paul Sartre. Concepts play an important role in the emergence and development of each and every philosophical trend. In this context, it should be emphasised that, as with all other existentialist thinkers, this concept has been important for the philosophy of the mentioned thinkers. Although the philosophies of the two are totally separated there is a strong similarity in their evaluation of the concept and their understanding of existentialism. Even that the philosophical relationship between the two mainly rests on this. Therefore, we have tried to posit important questions concerning the concept of existence and provide different answers. While human essence is in his existence for Heidegger, for Sartre existence comes before essence. For Sartre who conceptually talks about this concept this issue has to be elaborated. However, existence is not abstract for Heidegger. It is the condition of being human in a foreign and anxious place. According to him the most peculiar characteristics of existence are onjectivity, inexpressibility, and inexplicability. However, for Sartre existence occurs through actions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ontology
• Phenomenology
• Martin Heidegger
• Jean-Paul Sartre
• Existence
• Existentialism
• Essence.

Kaynakça

1. Akarsu, Bedia. Çağdaş Felsefe, 3. b., İstanbul: İnkılap Kitabevi, 1994.
2. Beaufret, Jean. De l’existentialisme a Heidgger, Paris: Libr. Vrin, 1986.
3. Bozkurt, Nejat. 20. Yüzyıl Düşünce Akımları, 2.b., İstanbul: Sarmal Yayınevi, 1995.
4. Colette, Jacques. L’Existentialisme, Paris: P. U. F., 1994.
5. Foulquié, Paul. L’existentialisme, 20. éd., Paris: P. U. F., 1989.
6. Heidegger, Martin. L’Etre et Le Temps, Paris: Gallimard, 1986.
7. Sartre, Jean-Paul. Carnets de la Drole de Guerre, Paris: Ed. Gall., 1983.