Aristotle on Intellectual Virtues -From the Viewpoint of Virtue Epistemology-

Öz

In this article, I examine in detail Aristotle’s five intellectual virtues and their relationship with moral virtues. From these five intellectual virtues, while art and practical wisdom is concerned with calculative part of the soul, scientific knowledge, intuitive reason and philosophical wisdom that consist of these two virtues are concerned with the scientific part of soul. Complex relations between intellectual virtues or states and moral virtues are extremely important. For one can have a real moral virtue only if he or she is governed by an intellectual virtue. On the other hand, Aristotle who is one of the sources of contemporary virtue epistemology, explains and justifies knowledge by means of cognitive abilities or intellectual virtues. Ernest Sosa who is one of the leading champions of contemporary virtue epistemology also revives epistemology in question firstly by means of the concept of intellectual virtue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Virtue
• intellectual virtues
• moral virtues
• happiness
• virtue epistemology
• Aristotle

ARİSTOTELES'TE ENTELEKTÜEL ERDEMLER -BİR ERDEM EPİSTEMOLOJİSİ ÖRNEĞİ-

Öz

Bu makalede Aristoteles’in beş entelektüel erdemini, bu erdemlerin ahlaki erdemlerle ilişkisini incelenmektedir. Aristoteles’in beş entelektüel erdeminden sanat ve pratik bilgelik, ruhun hesapla ilgili parçası ile ilgili iken bilimsel bilgi, sezgisel akıl ve bu ikisinin toplamından oluşan felsefi bilgelik, ruhun bilimsel parçası ile ilgilidir. Ruhun bu hallerinin, erdemlerinin ahlaki erdemlerle karmaşık ilişkisi de son derece önemlidir; zira kişi gerçek ahlaki erdeme ancak bir entelektüel erdemin yönetiminde sahip olabilir. Öte yandan, çağdaş erdem epistemolojisinin kaynaklarından olan Aristoteles de bilgiyi epistemik erdemler, bilişsel yetiler ya da entelektüel erdemler yoluyla açıklar ve gerekçelendirir. Çağdaş erdem epistemolojisinin savunucularından Ernest Sosa da bu epistemolojiyi ilk olarak entelektüel erdem kavramı yoluyla gündeme taşımıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erdem
• entelektüel erdemler
• ahlaki erdemler
• mutluluk
• erdem epistemolojisi
• Aristoteles

Kaynakça

1. • Aquinas, Thomas, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, çev. John P. Rowan, (Notre Dame: Dumb Ox Books, 1995).
2. • Aquinas, Thomas, Commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, çev. C. I. Litzinger, (Dumb Ox Books, 1993): http://dhspriory.org/ thomas/Ethics1.htm#1. 30.03.2016.
3. • Aristoteles, The Nicomachean Ethics, çev. David Ross; Lesley Brown (ed.), (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
4. • Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, çev. Roger Crisp, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
5. • Aristotle, The Eudemian Ethics, çev. Anthony Kenny, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011).
6. • Brown, Lesley, “Explanatory Notes”, Aristoteles, The Nicomachean Ethics, çev. David Ross, Lesley Brown (ed.), (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
7. • Brown, Lesley, “Introduction”, Aristoteles, The Nicomachean Ethics, çev. David Ross, Lesley Brown (ed.), (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
8. • Burger, Ronna, Aristotle’s Dialogue with Socrates: On the Nicomachean Ethics, (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2009).

9. • Descartes, “Second Set of Replies”, The Philosophical Writings of Descartes II, çev. John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff, Dugald Murdoch, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).
10. • Deslauriers, Marguerite, “How to Distinguish Aristotle’s Virtues”, Phronesis, Vol. 47, No. 2, (2002).
11. • Fârâbî, Nikomakhos Ahlâkı Şerhi, “Fârâbî’nin Kayıp Nikomakhos Ahlâkı Şerhi’nden Kalan Parçalar: Tercüme ve Tahlil” neşr. Lawrence V. Berman, çev. Hümeyra Özturan, Kutadgubilig, sayı. 28, (2015).
12. • Fossheim, Hallvard, “Justice in the Nicomachean Ethics Book V”, Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics: A Critical Guide, Jon Miller (ed.), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).
13. • Greco, John, “Virtue Epistemology”, A Companion to Epistemology, Jonathan Dancy, Ernest Sosa, Matthias Steup (ed.), (Malden: Wiley Blackwell, 2010).
14. • Long, A. A., “Aristotle on Eudaimonia, Nous, and Divinity”, Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics: A Critical Guide, Jon Miller (ed.), (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).
15. • Pakaluk, Michael, Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics: An Introduction, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).
16. • Reeve, C. D. C., “Aristotle on the Virtues of Thought”, The Blackwell Guide to Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, Richard Kraut (ed.), (Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2006).