The Metaphysics of Difference in the Ontology of Being of Martin Heidegger

Öz

In this study, the metaphysics of “difference” in Heidegger’s ontology of being will be evaluated. The evaluation is based on the “ontological and metaphysical difference” as Heidegger has expressed as forgetting the being and thinking in the Western thinking tradition. The issue of difference will be addressed within the scope of the questions of “what is difference in the ontology of being by Heidegger?”, “what is the ontological and metaphysical meanings of “difference”?”, “what are the foundations of difference metaphysics in the Western thought?”. In general, the difference is not in the ethical and political sphere, but in the ontological and metaphysical sphere in Heidegger. The ontology in Heidegger is the historical thinking on the “meaning of the Being of beings” while the metaphysics is ontotheological thinking on the “first principles of being”. For this reason, the ontological and metaphysical analysis of the “difference” will be made on the being, being and thinking in the ontological platform, while it will be made on the first principles of the being and nothingness in the metaphysical platform.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heidegger
• being
• difference
• ontology
• metaphysics
• thinking
• nothingness

MARTIN HEİDEGGER'İN VARLIK ONTOLOJİSİNDE FARK METAFİZİĞİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada Heidegger’in varlık ontolojisinde, “fark”ın metafiziğinin ne olduğu değerlendirilecektir. Değerlendirme Heidegger’in Batı düşünme geleneğinde varlığın ve düşünmenin unutulması olarak ifade ettiği “ontolojik ve metafizik fark” üzerinedir. Çalışmada “fark” problemi, “Heidegger’in varlık ontolojisinde fark nedir?”, “fark”ın ontolojik ve metafizik anlamı nedir?”, “bu ‘fark metafiziği’nin Batı düşüncesindeki temelleri nelerdir?” soruları kapsamında ele alınacaktır. Genel olarak “fark” Heidegger’de etik ve politik alana değil, ontolojik ve metafizik alana aittir. Heidegger’de ontoloji, “varolanların varlığının anlamı” üzerine tarihsel düşünmeyken; metafizik “varlığın ilk ilkelerinin ne olduğu” üzerine ontoteo- lojik düşünmedir. Bu nedenle “fark”ın ontolojik ve metafizik analizi, ontolojik düzlemde varlık, varolan ve düşünme; metafizik düzlemde ise varlığın ilk ilkeleri ve hiçlik temelinde gerçekleştirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heidegger
• varlık
• varolan
• fark
• ontoloji
• metafizik
• düşünme
• hiçlik

Kaynakça

1. • Aristoteles, Metafizik, çeviren. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Arslan, Sosyal Yayınlar, 5. Baskı, İstanbul: 2014.
2. • Joan Stambaugh, “Introduction”, Martin Heidegger-Identitiy and Difference, Harper & Row, New York: 1969.
3. • Martin Heidegger, Being and Time, translated by Joan Stambaugh, State University of New York Press, Albany: 1996.
4. • Martin Heidegger, Varlık ve Zaman, çeviren: Kaan H. Ökten, 2. Basım, Agora Kitaplığı, İstanbul: 2011.
5. • Martin Heidegger, The End of Philosophy, trans. By Joan Stambaugh, Harper & Row, New York, London:1973.
6. • Martin Heidegger, Özdeşlik ve Ayrım, çev. Necati Aça, Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları, Ankara: 1997.
7. • Martin Heidegger, Introduction to Metaphysics, translation by Gregory Fried and Richard Polt, Yale University Press, London: 2000.
8. • Martin Heidegger, Identitiy and Difference, translated by Joan Stambaugh; Harper & Row, New York: 1969.

9. • Martin Heidegger, Early Greek Thinking, translated by David Farrell Krell and Frank A. Capuzzi, Harper and Row Publishers, New York: 1984. • Martin Heidegger, Discourse On Thinking, translated by John M. Anderson and E. Hans Freund, Harper&Row Publishers, New York: 1996,
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11. • Martin Heidegger, “Letter on Humanism”, Basic Writings, edited by David Farrell Krell, A Division of Harpercollins Publishers, SanFrancisco: 1993.
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13. • Martin Hiedegger, Parmenides, translated by Andre Schuwer and Richard Rojcewicz, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis: 1992.
14. • Martin Heidegger, “What is Metaphysics?”, Basic Writings, edited by David Farrell Krell, A Division of HarpercollinsPublishers, San Francisco, 1993. pp. 89-110.
15. • Plato, Sofist, edited by John M. Cooper, Hackett Publishing Company, Indıanapolis: 1997.
16. • W. Kluback and J. T.Wilde, M. Heidegger-The Question of Being, New College and University Press, USA: 1958.