HERMENEUTIK VE PSIKANALIZ

Yıl 2018, Sayı: 67, 171 - 202, 15.07.2018

Erdal İşbir

Öz

Yorum ve eleştiri ilişkisi, hermeneutiğin temel bir problemidir. Bu problem, hermeneutik
ile psikanalizin birbirlerine yaklaştığı yerdir. Burada amaçlanan, hermeneutik ile psikanaliz
arasındaki ilginin nasıl kurulduğu ve ne gibi bir öneme sahip olduğunu incelemektir.
Bu inceleme, Gadamer, Habermas, Ricoeur, Freud ve Lacan’a referanslarla yapılmaktadır.
Çünkü hermeneutik yorum sorunun eleştirel işlevi ve sınırı, Gadamer ve Habermas
tartışmasının odağıdır. Gadamer için, dilsel sınırlar içinde iş gören hermeneutiğin eleştirel
işlevi, önyargıları aydınlatmaktır. Habermas için eleştirisinin asıl işlevi, ideolojik anlam
bağlamlarından özgürleşmektir. Bu da ancak dil dışı bir alanı gerektirmektedir ve bu alan
psikanalizdir. Yorum ve eleştiriyi, anlatı kuramında yeniden ilişkilendiren Ricoeur ise anlatıyı,
öznenin dile gelmeyeni, dile getirmesi olarak belirlemektedir. Böylece hermeneutik
ile psikanalizi doğrudan ilişkilendirmektedir. Psikanalizin, hermeneutik alanın dışında
değil, bizzat içinde iç gördüğünü iddia eden Ricoeur, hermeneutik iletişimin de psikanalitik
benlik soruna dayandığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın son aşamasında, Ricoeur’un
iddialarından hareketle, Freud ve Lacan hermeneutik bir açıdan değerlendirilmektedir.
Böylece benlik sorunun, fenomenolojik bir keşif değil, iletişim sürecinde yerine getirilen
hermeneutik bir görev olduğu iddiasının haklılığı gösterilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hermeneutik, Psikanaliz, Eleştiri, Gadamer, Habermas, Ricoeur, Freud

Hermeneutics and Psychoanalysis

Öz

The relation between interpretation and critique is a basic problem of the hermeneutics.
The hermeneutics relate to the psychoanalysis in context of this problem. This study
aims to investigate this relation and to show its importance. This purpose is realized with
references to Gadamer, Habermas, Ricoeur, Freud and Lacan. Because the focus of the
debate between Gadamer and Habermas is the critical function and limit of the hermeneutical
interpretation. According to Gadamer, the critical function of the hermeneutics
is illuminating our prejudices in linguistic limits. For Habermas, the main function of
critique is emancipating from the ideological meanings by getting out of this limits. This
can be achieved by only based on a non-linguistic field. This field is the psychoanalysis.
Ricoeur, who make a relation between interpretation and critique in his narrative theory,
determines that the narrative is the non-telling things start to talk. He makes directly
a relation between the hermeneutics and psychoanalysis in this way. Ricoeur, claiming
that the psychoanalysis is itself in hermeneutical field but not out of that, shows us that
the hermeneutical communication depends on the psychoanalytic ego problem.Freud and
Lacan have reviewed by a hermeneutical approach with references to Ricours’s claims
towards end of this study.In conclusion, this study tries to show the legitimacy of the
claims that the psychoanalytic ego problem is a hermeneutical self-one and therefore is
not a phenomenological exploration but a hermeneutical task which must be succeed in
communication.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hermeneutics, Psychoanalysis, Critique, Gadamer, Habermas, Ricoeur, Freud

Kaynakça

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