EPİSTEMOLOJİK BİR SORUN OLARAK İHTİYATLILIK İLKESİ

Yıl 2020, Sayı: 72, 255 - 268, 15.12.2020

Onat Özgür

Öz

İhtiyatlılık ilkesi, dünyada sürdürülebilir kalkınmaya yol göstermeyi amaçlayan ilkelerden biridir. Tarihsel olarak, yeni teknolojilerden, ürünlerden, yeniliklerden kaynaklanabilecek önlenebilir zararları engelleme ihtiyacı sonucunda bir ilke olarak gelişmiştir. İhtiyatlılık ilkesi “önleme tedaviden daha iyidir” veya “üzülmektense tedbirli olmak iyidir” cümleleri ile özetlenebilir. İhtiyatlılık ilkesinin hem muhalifleri hem de destekçileri vardır. Muhalifler, bu ilkenin teknolojinin gelişimini yavaşlatacağını veya durduracağını savunmaktadırlar. Bu makalede, ihtiyatlılık ilkesinin yeni teknolojilerin ve yeniliklerin uygulanması konusunda bizi durdurmak yerine bizi olası herhangi bir çevresel zarardan koruduğu iddia edilmektedir. Bu makalede, ihtiyatlılık ilkesi epistemolojik bir sorun olarak ele alınarak, eleştirilere cevap verilerek, ve ayrıca ilkenin tarihsel evriminden, tanımından, uluslararası anlaşmalarda kullanılmasından, ve bir örnek vakadan bahsedilerek tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İhtiyatlılık İlkesi, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma, Çevre Felsefesi, Teknoloji

PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE AS AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL PROBLEM - IS IT PROTECTING OR PARALYZING?

Öz

The precautionary principle is one of the principles which are intended to lead sustainable development in the world. Historically, it has evolved as a principle because of a need to prevent evitable harms that may arise from new technologies, products, innovations. We can summarize the precautionary principle as “Prevention is better than cure” or “Better safe than sorry.” There are both critics and supporters of the precautionary principle. Critics argue that it will slow down or stop development of technologies. In this paper, I argue that the precautionary principle protects us from any possible environmental harm, instead of paralyzing us regarding the implementation of new technologies and innovations. I discuss the precautionary principle as an epistemological problem, by answering the criticisms, and also by mentioning the historical evolution of the principle, its definition, its uses in the international agreements, and a case study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Precautionary Principle, Sustainable Development, Environmental Philosophy, Technology

Kaynakça

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