Sosyal Finans - Kurumsal Yapılar, Araçlar ve Uygulama Örnekleri

Öz

2008 yılında yaşanan finansal krizin ardından, mevcut finansal kurumlara olan güvenin azaldığı görülmüş olup, sadece finansal getiri odaklı yatırım yapılmasının toplumsal açıdan sorunlara yol açabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Yatırımcılar, finansal getirinin yanında sosyal fayda sağlayan finans modellerine ilgi duymaya başlamıştır. Son on yılda, sürdürülebilir finansın ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik konusunun ön plana çıkması, sosyal finans sektörünün küresel ölçekte gelişimini hızlandırmıştır. Dünya genelinde hızla gelişen sosyal finans sektörü Türkiye'de henüz gelişim aşamasında olup, sosyal girişimler erken safhada bulunmaktadır. Ancak, mevcut sosyal fayda odaklı kurumların görünürlüğünün artırılması ve sosyal girişimciliğin teşvik edilmesi yoluyla Türkiye'de de sosyal finans sektörünün oluşması için önemli bir potansiyel mevcuttur. Sosyal finans piyasasının gelişebilmesi için kamu otoriteleri tarafından “sosyal finans politikası”nın oluşturulması önem arz etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, sosyal finans piyasasının oluşumuna yönelik hukuki ve düzenleyici çerçevenin oluşturulması, sosyal finans türleri ve araçlarına ilişkin farkındalığın artırılmasına yönelik eğitim ve bilgilendirme faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, sosyal girişimlerin desteklenmesine yönelik teşvik mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesi ve uluslararası düzeyde kabul görmüş sosyal etki ölçüm ve derecelendirme standartlarının anlaşılması ve uygulanması için yaygınlaştırıcı çalışmalar yapılması, sosyal finans ekosisteminin gelişiminde kritik bir rol oynayacaktır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'deki sosyal finans ekosisteminin yapısını, eksikliklerini ve geliştirilmesi gereken alanları inceleyerek literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmayı hedeflemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sosyal finans
• sosyal etki
• etki yatırımı

Social Finance: Corporate Structures, Instruments and Practice Examples

Öz

Following the global financial crisis in 2008, a decline in trust towards existing financial institutions was observed, and it became evident that investments solely focused on financial returns could lead to various social issues. Consequently, investors began to show interest in financial models that not only generate financial returns but also provide social benefits. Over the past decade, the increasing prominence of sustainable finance and social sustainability has accelerated the global development of the social finance sector. While the social finance sector is rapidly expanding worldwide, it remains in its early stages of development in Turkey, where social enterprises are still emerging. Nevertheless, there is significant potential to establish a social finance sector in Turkey through increasing the visibility of existing social benefit-oriented institutions and promoting social entrepreneurship. For the social finance market to develop, it is essential for public authorities to establish a comprehensive "social finance policy”. In this regard, the formation of a legal and regulatory framework for the social finance market, the implementation of educational and awareness-raising activities on the types and instruments of social finance, and the development of incentive mechanisms to support social enterprises are crucial. Furthermore, disseminating efforts to understand and apply internationally recognized social impact measurement and rating standards will play a critical role in the advancement of the social finance ecosystem. This study aims to fill a gap in the literature by examining the structure, deficiencies, and areas for improvement in Turkey's social finance ecosystem.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• social finance
• social impact
• impact investment

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