A FINANCIAL AND MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF “WATER”: THE CASE OF PALESTINE

Yıl 2021, , 178 - 190, 31.03.2021

Wisam Adnan Samarah Merve Tuncay

https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.888122

Öz

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the current water supply can aid in achieving economic growth in Palestine through the agricultural sector. Thus an attempt was made to answer the question whether it is worthwhile for the Palestinian Authority (PA) to invest in the agricultural sector to achieve a certain level of sustainable development.
A time-series regression analysis is performed to investigate whether the current amount of water can sustain economic growth in Palestine for 1998-2018. Findings have indicated that there is no relationship between the agricultural sector and the two sources of water. Meanwhile, there is a cointegration relationship between the agricultural sector and the spring water.
Accordingly, water is not achieving economic growth in Palestine due to a shrinking agricultural sector. Moreover, the Palestinian agricultural sector faces several challenges during the expansion period, most importantly in terms of the insufficient subsidies provided to the Palestinian farmers by the PA.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Palestine, Water, Economi Growth, Agricultural Sector, FMOLS

“SU”YA FİNANSAL VE MAKROEKONOMİK BİR BAKIŞ: FİLİSTİN ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Filistin’de su arzının tarım sektörü bağlamında ekonomik büyümeye yol açıp açmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Böylece Filistin Yönetimi için belirli bir sürdürülebilir gelişim düzeyini yakalayabilmek için tarım sektörüne yatırım yapmaya değip değmeyeceği sorusuna cevap verilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Çalışmada, 1998-2018 dönemi için Filistin’deki mevcut su miktarının ekonomik büyümeyi sürdürüp sürdüremeyeceğini araştırmak amacıyla bir zaman serisi analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, tarım sektörü ile iki su kaynağı arasında bir ilişki bulunmamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, tarım sektörü ile kaynak suyu arasında br eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç olarak, suyun Filistin’de küçüln tarım sektörü dolayısıyla ekonomik büyümeye katkı sağlayamadığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca, Filistin tarım sektörü özellikle Filistin Yönetimi tarafından çiftçilere sağlanan yetersiz teşvikler dolayısıyla genişleme dönemlerinde birçok zorlukla başa çıkmak zorunda kalmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Filistin, Su, İktisadi Büyüme, Tarım Sektörü, FMOLS

Kaynakça

• ABDALLAH, T., & SWAILEH, K. (2011). Effects of the Israeli Segregation Wall on the Biodiversity and Environmental Sustainable Development in the West Bank, Palestine. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 68 (4), 543-555.
• ABUALTAYEF, M., OUKAL, Y., GHABAYEN, S., EİLA, M. and HATEM A. (2019). “Households’ Affordability and Willingness to Pay for Water Services in Khan Younis City, Palestine”, Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 6(3): 21-26.
• AL-SALAYMEH, A., AL-KHATIB, I. A., & ARAFAT, H. A. (2011). Towards Sustainable Water Quality: Management of Rainwater Harvesting Cisterns in Southern Palestine. Water Resource Management, 25 (6), 1721-1736.
• BASHIER, A. and SIAM, A.J., (2014). “Immigration and Economic Growth in Jordan: FMOLS Approach”, International Journal of Humanities Social Sciences and Education (IJHSSE), 1(9), 85-92.
• BARBİER, E.B. (2004). “Water and Economic Growth”, The Economic Record, 80(248): 1– 16.
• BERRITTELLA, M., HOEKSRRA, A. Y., REHDANZ, K., ROSON, R., and TOL, R. (2007). The Economic Impact of Restricted Water Supply: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis. Water Research 42.
• BİJL, D.L., BOGAART, P.W., KRAM, T., DE VRİES, B.J.M., and VAN VUUREN, D.P. (2015). “Long-Term Water Demand for Electricity, Industry and Households”, Environmental Science & Policy, 55(2016): 75–86.
• CELIK, I., TAMIMI, L. M., AL-KHATIB, I. A., & APUL, D. S. (2017). Management of Rainwater Harvesting and its Impact on the Health of People in the Middle East: Case Study from Yatta Town, Palestine. Environment Monitoring and Assessment, 1-15.
• COLE, M.A. (2004). “Economic Growth and Water Use”, Applied Economics Letters, 11(1): 1-4.
• DAIBES, F. (2000). Towards Sustainable Development in the Water Sector: A Perspective from Palestine. Water Sciences & Technology, 42 (1/2), 81.
• DUARTE, R., SANCHEZ-CHOLIZ, J. and BIELSA, J. (2002). "Water Use in the Spanish Economy: An Input-Output Approach”, Ecological Economics, 43(2002): 71-85.
• GLEICK, P. H. (2004). California's Economic Productivity of Water Use in Jobs, Income, and Water Use in California. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland.
• GLEICK, P. H., WOLFF, G., CHALECKI, E. L., and REYES, R. (2002). The New Economy of Water. The Risks and Benefits of Globalization and Privatization of Fresh Water. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland.
• GREENE, W. H. (1995). Econometric Analysis, Second Edition. Prentice Hall Inc.
• HADDAD, M., MCNEIL, L., and OMAR, N. (2014). Model for Predicting Disinfection By-products (DBP) Formation and Occurrence in Intermittent Water. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39 (8), 5883-5893.
• HANEMANN, W. M. (1997). Determinants of Urban Water Use, in Urban Water Demand Management and Planning. New York: McGraw Hill.
• HENDRY, D. F., and JUSELIUS, K. (2000). Explaining Cointegration Analysis: Part I. Energy Journal, 21, 1-42.
• HUSSIN, F., & CHING, C. (2013). The Contribution of Economic Sectors to Economic Growth: The Cases of Malaysia and China. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2 (2), 36-48.
• IBRAHIM ABU-LUGHOD INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES (2013). Water in Palestine. Birzeit: Birzeit University.
• JİA, S., YANG, H., ZHANG, S., WANG, L. And XİA, J. (2006). “Industrial Water Use Kuznets Curve: Evidence from Industrialized Countries and Implications for Developing Countries”, Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 132(3): 183-191.
• KOPPELMAN, S. AND ALSHALALFEH, Z. (2012). Our Right to Water: The Human Rİght to Water in Palestine, Technical Report by Blue Planet Project, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20648.88325, https://movementgeneration.org/new-report-our-right-to-water-the-human-right-to-water-in-palestine/, Accessed: 12.02.2020.
• NAZER, D. W., SIEBEL, M. A., VAN DER ZAAG, P., MIMI, Z., and GIJZEN, H. J. (2010). A Financial, Environmental and Social Evaluation of Domestic Water Management Options in the West Bank, Palestine. Water Resources Management, 24 (15), 4445-4467.
• PALESTINIAN CENTRAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS. (2015). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 9 10, 2015, from Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics: www.pcbs.gov.ps, Accessed: 16.09.2020.
• PALESTINIAN WATER AUTHORITY. (2011). Palestine: The Right to Water. Ramallah.
• PEREIRA, L. S., CORDERY, I., and IACOVIDES, I. (2002). Coping with Water Scarcity. Paris: UNESCO IHP VI, Technical Documents in Hydrology 58.
• QUIRK, P. J. (1987). Intermediate Microeconomics, Third Edition. Science Research Associates.
• RIVERA-BATIZ, F. (2002). Democracy, Governance, and Economic Growth: Theory and Evidence. Review of Development Economics, 6 (2), 225-247.
• SAMARA, W. A. AND TALALWEH, M. A. (2019). The Role of Mathematics in the Palestinian Economy: Estimating the Speed of the Swallowing of Palestinian Lands by the Israeli Settlements, Studies in Business and Economics, 22 (1), 43 – 64.
• SAS. (n.d.). SAS Manual. Retrieved 10 1, 2016, from SAS Manual: https://support.sas.com/rnd/app/examples/ets/granger, Accessed: 16.09.2020
• SHADEED, S. (2013). Spatio-temporal Drought Analysis in Arid and semi-arid Regions: A Case Study from Palestine. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 38, 2303-2313.
• WATER GLOBAL PRACTICE (2018). Securing Water for Development in West Bank and Gaza. http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/736571530044615402/pdf/Securing-water-for-development-in-West-Bank-and-Gaza-sector-note.pdf, Accessed: 16.09.2020.
• WORLD BANK, “The World Bank Data Bank”, https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=3690&series=5.51.01.09.water#, Accessed: 16.09.2020.
• WORLD BANK, “Water in Agriculture”, https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water-in-agriculture, Accessed: 16.09.2020.
• WORLD WATER COUNCİL, “Water Crisis-Towards a Way to Improve the Situation”, https://www.worldwatercouncil.org/en/water-crisis, Accessed: 16.09.2020.
• YUE, Z., ALUN, G. and BOLIN, P. (2017). “Relationship between Industrial Water Consumption and Economic Growth in China Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve”, Energy Procedia, 105(2017): 3557-3564.
• جبارة, ت. (2014). السيطرة الصهيونية على المياه في فلسطين. شؤون فلسطينية , 257, 46-66.
• سلامة, ع. ا. (2014). الصراع على المياه في فلسطين: واقع وحلول. شؤون فلسطينية , 25, 32 - 45.