Araştırma Makalesi
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Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 473 - 491, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.581939

Öz

Kaynakça

  • ALTSHULERA, L., SUSSMANB, N.M.,KACHURA, E., (2003).“Assessing Changes İn İntercultural Sensitivity Among Physician Trainees Using The İntercultural Development İnventory”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Sayı, 27, 387–401 ASHFORTH, B., and HUMPHREY, R. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The Influence of Identity. Academy of Management, 18(1), 88-115.BARKEMA, H. G., & VERMEULEN, F. (1997). What differences in the cultural backgrounds of partners are detrimental for international joint ventures?. Journal of international business studies, 28(4), 845-864.BARUTÇUGİL, İ. (2011). Kültürler Arası Farklılıkların Yönetimi, İstanbulBASIM, N., ve BEĞENİRBAŞ, M. (2012). Çalışma Yaşamında Duygusal Emek: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 19(1), 77-90.BAŞBUĞ, G., BALLI, E., OKTUĞ, Z.,(2010),‘’ Duygusal Emeğin İş Memnuniyetine Etkisi: Çağrı Merkezi Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma’’, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, Sayı 58, Sayfa:253-274.BECKET, N., & BROOKES, M. (2012). Developing global competencies in graduates.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education,11,79–82BEUGELSDİJK, S., MASELAND, R., & VAN HOORN, A. (2015). Are Scores on Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture Stable over Time? A Cohort Analysis. Global Strategy Journal, 5(3), 223-240.BEZİRGAN, M.; Alamur, B. (26-27 Mayıs 2016). Turizm Çalıanlarının Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Düzeylerinin Çeitli Demografik Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Global Business Research Congress (GBRC), İstanbul, Türkiye, 79-87.BONO, J. E., & VEY, M. A. (2005). Toward understanding emotional management at work: A quantitative review ofemotional labor research. In C. E. J. Ha ̈rtel, W. J. Zerbe, & N. M. Ashkanasy (Eds.),Emotions in organizationalbehavior (213–233).BROTHERİDGE, C., and LEE, R. (2003). Development and validation of the Emotional Labour Scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 365379.BULDUK, S., TOSUN, H.,ARDİÇ, E., (2011). Turkce Kulturler Arası Duyarlılık Olceğinin Hemşirelik OğrencilerindeOlcumsel Ozellikleri, Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics, Cilt:19 Sayı:1, 25-31.CHEN GM. (1997) A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Proceeding of the Biennial Convention of Pacific and Asian Communication Association, Jan Honolulu, Hawaii. Bloomington: Eric, 509-28.CHEN GM, Starosta W. The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication 2000; 3(1): 2-14.CHU, K. H. ve Murrmann, S. K. (2006)“Devolepment and Validation of the Hospitality Emotional Labor Scale”Tourism Management . 27: 1181-1191ÇELİK, M., TURUNÇ, Ö.,(2011), Duygusal emek ve psikolojik sıkıntı: iş–aile çatışmasının aracılık etkisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt/Vol:40, Sayı/No:2, ss. 226-250.ÇOBAN, A.E., KARAMAN N.G., DOĞAN, T., (2010). “Öğretmen Adaylarının Kültürel Farklılıklara Yönelik Bakış Açılarının Çeşitli Demografik Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi”, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Dergisi Cilt:10 Sayı:1, 125-131.DE MOOİJ, M., & HOFSTEDE, G. (2002). Convergence and divergence in consumer behavior: implications for international retailing. Journal of retailing, 78(1), 61-69.DİEFENDORFF, J., CROYLE, M., and GOSSERAND, R. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategie. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 339357.FRİTZ, W., MOLLENBERG, A., & CHEN, G.(2001).. Measuring intercultural sensitivity in different cultural context. Paper presented at the Biannual Meeting of the International Association for Intercultural Communication Studies, July 24-29, Hong Kong. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 456491). Cilt:20 Sayı:2, 307-313.GELDEREN, B., KONİJN, E., and BAKKER, A. (2016). Emotional labor among police officers: a diary study relating strain, emotional labor, and service performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-28.GOPALAN, R., and NARAYAN, B. (2010), ‘Improving Customer Experience in Tourism: A Framework for Stakeholder Collaboration,’ Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 44, 2, 100–112. 9GRANDEY, A. (2000) “Emotion Regulation İn The Workplace: A New Wayto Conceptualize Emotional Labor” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5: 95–110.GRANDEY, A. (2003), “When The Show must go on: Surface Acting and Deep Acting as Determinants of Emotional Exhaustion and Peer-rated Service Delivery”, Academy of Management Journal, 46, S. 86-96.GRANDEY, A.A., FİSK, G.,M. and STEİNER, D.D. (2005). Must „Service With a Smile‟ Be Stressful? The Moderating Role of Personel Control for American and French Employees. Journal of Applied Psychology. 90(5), 893-904.Hammer, R. Mitchell; Bennett J. Milton; Wiseman, Richard (2003). Measuring Intercultural Sensitivity: The ntercultural Development nventory. International Journal Of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421–443.HOCHSCHİLD, A. R. (1983). The Managed Heart. University of California Press.HOFSTEDE, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.HOFSTEDE, G., & Bond, M. H. (1988). The Confucius connection: from cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16, 4-21.HOFSTEDE, G. (1991). Organizations and cultures: Software of the mind. McGrawHill, New York.HOFSTEDE, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage (co-published in the PRC as Vol. 10 in the Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press SFLEP Intercultural Communication Reference Series, 2008).HOFSTEDE, G., & MİNKOV, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (Rev. 3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.HUANG, S. S., & CROTTS, J. (2019). Relationships between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and tourist satisfaction: A cross-country cross-sample examination. Tourism Management, 72, 232-241.HULSHEGER, U.R. and SCHEWE, A.F. (2011). On the costs and beliefs of emotional labor: A meta analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 361-389.KARATEPE, O.M. and ALESHİNLOYE, K.D. (2009), “Emotional dissonance and emotional exhaustion among hotel employees in Nigeria”, International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 349-58.KARATEPE, O. (2011). Do job resources moderate the effect of emotional dissonance on burnout? A study in the city of Ankara, Turkey. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 44-65.KARATEPE, O., and CHOUBTARASH, H. (2014). The effects of perceived crowding, emotional dissonance, and emotional exhaustion on critical job outcomes: A study of ground staff in the airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 182191KAYA,U. ve ÖZHAN, Ç. K. (2012). Duygusal emek ve tükenmiĢlik iliĢkisi: Turist rehberleri üzerine bir araştırma. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi.3(2), 109-130.KEDMENEC, I., & STRAŠEK, S. (2017). Are some cultures more favourable for social entrepreneurship than others?. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 30(1), 1461-1476.KİM, C.; Lee, S. (2000). Understanding The Cultural Differences In Tourist Motivation Between Anglo American And Japanese Tourist. Journal Of Travel And Tourism Marketing, 9(2), 153-170KİM, H. J. (2008)“Hotel Service Providers’ Emotional Labor: The Antecedents and Effects on Burnout”International Journal of Hospitality Management,27: 151-161.KİM, H. J., HUR, W.-M., MOON, T.-W., and JUN, J.-K. (2017). Is all support equal? The moderating effects of supervisor, coworker, and organizational support on the link between emotional labor and job performance. Business Research Quarterly, 1-13.KOC, E. (2010). Services and conflict management: Cultural and European integration perspectives. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(1), 88-96.KOKKRANİKAL, J., WİLSON, J., and CRONJE, P. (2011), Human Empowerment, Management and Tourism, in Strategic Management in Tourism (2nd ed.), Wallingford: CAB International, pp. 158–181.KORSAKİENĖ, R., & GURİNA, O. (2012). Does national culture significantly impact organizational culture at SMEs. Journal of security and sustainability issues, 1, 219-228.LEE, J., and OK, C. (2012). Reducing burnout and enhancing job satisfaction: Critical role of hotel employees’ emotional intelligence and emotional labor. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 1101-1112.LEE, J., and OK, C. (2015). Examination Of Factors Affecting Hotel Employees' Service Orientation. An Emotional Labor Perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 437-468.LEE, J., OK, C., and HWANG, J. (2016). An emotional labor perspective on the relationship between customer orientation and job satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 139-150.Lİ, X.R., LAİ, C., HARRİLL, R., KLİNE, S., and WANG, L. (2011), ‘When East Meets West: An Exploratory Study on Chinese Outbound Tourists’ Travel Expectations,’ Tourism Management, 32, 4, 741–749.LİN, J.S.C., and LİANG, H.Y. (2011), ‘The Influence of Service Environments on Customer Emotion and Service Outcomes,’ Managing Service Quality, 21, 4, 350–372LÓPEZ-DUARTE, C., & VİDAL-SUÁREZ, M. M. (2013). Cultural distance and the choice between wholly owned subsidiaries and joint ventures. Journal of Business Research, 66(11), 2252-2261.MACKİNTOSH, C. (2013), ‘WEE1 accumulation and deregulation of S-phase proteins mediate MLN4924 potent inhibitory effect on Ewing sarcoma cells.’ Oncogene 32, 1441–1451.MATZLER, K., STROBL, A., Stokburger-Sauer, N., Bobovnicky, A., & Bauer, F. (2016). Brand personality and culture: The role of cultural differences on the impact of brand personality perceptions on tourists' visit intentions. Tourism Management, 52, 507-520.MCMURRAY, A. (2007). Measuring intercultural sensitivity of international and domestic college students: The impact of international travel. (Unpublished master’s thesis), University of Florida, Florida, USMİHALİČ, T.; FENNELL, D. (2014), ‘In pursuit of a more just international tourism: the concept of trading tourism rights.’ J. Sustain. Tour. 23, 1–19.MİNKOV, M., & HOFSTEDE, G. (2010). Hofstede's fifth dimension: New evidence from the World Values Survey. Journal of CrossCultural Psychology, 0022022110388567.MONTOYA, D.Y., and BRİGGS, E. (2013), ‘Shared Ethnicity Effects on Service Encounters: A Study Across Three U.S. Subcultures,’ Journal of Business Research, 66, 13, 314–320.MORRİS, J., and FELDMAN, D. (1996). The Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labor. The Academy of Management Review, 986-1010.MULVANEY, R., ALEMANY, O., POSSENTİ, P., 2007. The Berkner Island (Antarctica) ice-coredrilling project. Ann. Glaciol. 47 (1), 115–124NEELS, V. (2012). The Effects of Age and Emotional Labor on Decision Making. Minneapolis: Walden University.NEWNHAM, M. (2017). A comparison of the enactment and consequences of emotional labor between frontline hotel workers in two contrasting societal culture. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 192-214.NİXON, A. E., YANG, L. Q., SPECTOR, P. E., & ZHANG, X. C. (2010). Emotional labor in China: Do perceived organizational support and gender moderate the process? Stress & Health, 27, 289-305NG, C. S. P. (2013). Intention to purchase on social commerce websites across cultures: A cross-regional study. Information & management, 50(8), 609-620.ORAL, L., ve KÖSE,S.(2011). Hekimlerin duygusal emek kullanımı ile iĢ doyumu ve tükenmiĢlik düzeyleri arasındaki iliĢkiler üzerinde bir araĢtırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2).463-492ÖZBİNGÖL, Z. B. (2013). Impact of Emotional Labor on Organizational Outcomes: A Comparative Study in Public And Private Universitieİstanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi.PALA, T., ve TEPECİ, M. (2014). Otel İşletmelerinde Çalışanların Duygusal Emek Boyutlarının Belirlenmesi ve Duygusal Emek Boyutlarının İş Tatmini ve İşte Kalma Niyeti Üzerine Etkisi. Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 21-37.PALA, T. ve SÜRGEVİL,O. (2016), Duygusal Emek Ölçeği: Ölçek Geliştirme, Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik Çalışması, Ege Akademik Bakış, Cilt 16, Sayı 4, SS. 773 / 787PENBEK, Ş., YURDAKUL, D. & CERIT, A. G. (2009). Intercultural Communication Competence: A Study about the Intercultural Sensitivity of University Students Based on Their Education and International Experiences. A Paper Presented European and Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems 2009 (EMCIS2009). July 13‐14 2009, Crowne Plaza Hotel, İzmir.POLİMENİ A., (2015). The Impact of Social Support on Officer’s Willingness to Report Suicidal Ideations Due to Emotional Labor. Chicago: The Chicago School of Professional Psychology.POOKULANGARA, S., AND KOESLER, K. (2011), ‘Cultural Influence on Consumers’ Usage of Social Networks and its’ Impact on Online Purchase Intentions,’ Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 18, 4, 348–354.SAMAHA, S. A., BECK, J. T., & PALMATİER, R. W. 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KONAKLAMA SEKTÖRÜNDE DİZGİNLEYİCİ KÜLTÜRÜN DUYGUSAL EMEK VE KÜLTÜREL DUYARLILIK İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 473 - 491, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.581939

Öz

Bu
çalışmanın amacı Türkiye de konaklama sektöründe dizginleyici kültürde duygusal
emek ve kültürel duyarlılığın önemi ve etkilerini incelemektir. Genel olarak,
Türk kültürü hoşgörü kültüründen ziyade nispeten dizginleyici bir kültür olarak
sınıflandırılabilir.  Araştırma verileri,
konaklama alanında faaliyet gösteren 6 farklı otelden 117 otel çalışanından
anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Anketlerden elde edilen veriler, frekans,
güvenilirlik, değişkenlerin dağılımının normalliği araştırılmıştır. İstatistiksel
karşılaştırmalarda normal dağılım gösteren değişkenler için; Bağımsız
örneklemler T-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi, Pearson korelasyon testi, çoklu
doğrusal regresyon analizleri hesaplanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma
bulguları, duygusal emek ve kültürel duyarlılık ve boyutları arasında anlamlı
ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Çalışmada duygusal emek stratejisi ile
ilişkilendirilen kültürel duyarlılık hizmet sektörü açısından her ne kadar
önemli olsa da bu alanda çalışma eksiği olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırma
kapsamında, konaklama alanında çalışanları ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için
bazı teorik ve pratik uygulamalar tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • ALTSHULERA, L., SUSSMANB, N.M.,KACHURA, E., (2003).“Assessing Changes İn İntercultural Sensitivity Among Physician Trainees Using The İntercultural Development İnventory”, International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Sayı, 27, 387–401 ASHFORTH, B., and HUMPHREY, R. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The Influence of Identity. Academy of Management, 18(1), 88-115.BARKEMA, H. G., & VERMEULEN, F. (1997). What differences in the cultural backgrounds of partners are detrimental for international joint ventures?. Journal of international business studies, 28(4), 845-864.BARUTÇUGİL, İ. (2011). Kültürler Arası Farklılıkların Yönetimi, İstanbulBASIM, N., ve BEĞENİRBAŞ, M. (2012). Çalışma Yaşamında Duygusal Emek: Bir Ölçek Uyarlama Çalışması. Yönetim ve Ekonomi, 19(1), 77-90.BAŞBUĞ, G., BALLI, E., OKTUĞ, Z.,(2010),‘’ Duygusal Emeğin İş Memnuniyetine Etkisi: Çağrı Merkezi Çalışanlarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma’’, Sosyal Siyaset Konferansları Dergisi, Sayı 58, Sayfa:253-274.BECKET, N., & BROOKES, M. (2012). Developing global competencies in graduates.Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education,11,79–82BEUGELSDİJK, S., MASELAND, R., & VAN HOORN, A. (2015). Are Scores on Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture Stable over Time? A Cohort Analysis. Global Strategy Journal, 5(3), 223-240.BEZİRGAN, M.; Alamur, B. (26-27 Mayıs 2016). Turizm Çalıanlarının Kültürlerarası Duyarlılık Düzeylerinin Çeitli Demografik Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi. Global Business Research Congress (GBRC), İstanbul, Türkiye, 79-87.BONO, J. E., & VEY, M. A. (2005). Toward understanding emotional management at work: A quantitative review ofemotional labor research. In C. E. J. Ha ̈rtel, W. J. Zerbe, & N. M. Ashkanasy (Eds.),Emotions in organizationalbehavior (213–233).BROTHERİDGE, C., and LEE, R. (2003). Development and validation of the Emotional Labour Scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 76, 365379.BULDUK, S., TOSUN, H.,ARDİÇ, E., (2011). Turkce Kulturler Arası Duyarlılık Olceğinin Hemşirelik OğrencilerindeOlcumsel Ozellikleri, Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics, Cilt:19 Sayı:1, 25-31.CHEN GM. (1997) A review of the concept of intercultural sensitivity. Proceeding of the Biennial Convention of Pacific and Asian Communication Association, Jan Honolulu, Hawaii. Bloomington: Eric, 509-28.CHEN GM, Starosta W. The development and validation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication 2000; 3(1): 2-14.CHU, K. H. ve Murrmann, S. K. (2006)“Devolepment and Validation of the Hospitality Emotional Labor Scale”Tourism Management . 27: 1181-1191ÇELİK, M., TURUNÇ, Ö.,(2011), Duygusal emek ve psikolojik sıkıntı: iş–aile çatışmasının aracılık etkisi, İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt/Vol:40, Sayı/No:2, ss. 226-250.ÇOBAN, A.E., KARAMAN N.G., DOĞAN, T., (2010). “Öğretmen Adaylarının Kültürel Farklılıklara Yönelik Bakış Açılarının Çeşitli Demografik Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi”, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Dergisi Cilt:10 Sayı:1, 125-131.DE MOOİJ, M., & HOFSTEDE, G. (2002). Convergence and divergence in consumer behavior: implications for international retailing. Journal of retailing, 78(1), 61-69.DİEFENDORFF, J., CROYLE, M., and GOSSERAND, R. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategie. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 339357.FRİTZ, W., MOLLENBERG, A., & CHEN, G.(2001).. Measuring intercultural sensitivity in different cultural context. Paper presented at the Biannual Meeting of the International Association for Intercultural Communication Studies, July 24-29, Hong Kong. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 456491). Cilt:20 Sayı:2, 307-313.GELDEREN, B., KONİJN, E., and BAKKER, A. (2016). Emotional labor among police officers: a diary study relating strain, emotional labor, and service performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-28.GOPALAN, R., and NARAYAN, B. (2010), ‘Improving Customer Experience in Tourism: A Framework for Stakeholder Collaboration,’ Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 44, 2, 100–112. 9GRANDEY, A. (2000) “Emotion Regulation İn The Workplace: A New Wayto Conceptualize Emotional Labor” Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5: 95–110.GRANDEY, A. (2003), “When The Show must go on: Surface Acting and Deep Acting as Determinants of Emotional Exhaustion and Peer-rated Service Delivery”, Academy of Management Journal, 46, S. 86-96.GRANDEY, A.A., FİSK, G.,M. and STEİNER, D.D. (2005). Must „Service With a Smile‟ Be Stressful? The Moderating Role of Personel Control for American and French Employees. Journal of Applied Psychology. 90(5), 893-904.Hammer, R. Mitchell; Bennett J. Milton; Wiseman, Richard (2003). Measuring Intercultural Sensitivity: The ntercultural Development nventory. International Journal Of Intercultural Relations, 27, 421–443.HOCHSCHİLD, A. R. (1983). The Managed Heart. University of California Press.HOFSTEDE, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.HOFSTEDE, G., & Bond, M. H. (1988). The Confucius connection: from cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16, 4-21.HOFSTEDE, G. (1991). Organizations and cultures: Software of the mind. McGrawHill, New York.HOFSTEDE, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage (co-published in the PRC as Vol. 10 in the Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press SFLEP Intercultural Communication Reference Series, 2008).HOFSTEDE, G., & MİNKOV, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (Rev. 3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.HUANG, S. S., & CROTTS, J. (2019). Relationships between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and tourist satisfaction: A cross-country cross-sample examination. Tourism Management, 72, 232-241.HULSHEGER, U.R. and SCHEWE, A.F. (2011). On the costs and beliefs of emotional labor: A meta analysis of three decades of research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(3), 361-389.KARATEPE, O.M. and ALESHİNLOYE, K.D. 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Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Nilüfer Altundal Biyan 0000-0002-5594-2615

Müjde Aksoy

Elif Koç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Haziran 2019
Kabul Tarihi 16 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Altundal Biyan, N., Aksoy, M., & Koç, E. (2019). KONAKLAMA SEKTÖRÜNDE DİZGİNLEYİCİ KÜLTÜRÜN DUYGUSAL EMEK VE KÜLTÜREL DUYARLILIK İLİŞKİSİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ. Finans Ekonomi Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 4(4), 473-491. https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.581939