Avrupa Birliğinde Marjinal Endüstri İçi Ticaret ve İş Gücü Uyum Maliyeti

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 449 - 462, 30.06.2023

Duygu Atasoy , Veysel Ulusoy

https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.1242888

Öz

Endüstri içi ticaret uluslararası ticarette giderek artan önemi ve iş gücü uyum maliyetini etkilemesi açısından literatürde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada endüstri içi ticaret ile iş gücü uyum maliyeti arasındaki ilişkiyi endüstri içi ticaretin farklı ölçüm metotlarıyla ele alarak inceliyoruz. Marjinal Endüstri İçi Ticaretin farklı ölçümleri olan A, MD1 ve MD2 indekslerini karşılaştırıyoruz. Çalışmada 15 Avrupa Birliği ülkesinin 127 üretim alt sektörleri 1990 ile 2017 yılları arasında ele alınmıştır. Dinamik panel veri modelinin Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu ’una (GMM) göre MD2 indeksi düşük uyum maliyetini MD1 indeksinden daha iyi açıklamaktadır. MD1 indeksi Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde üretim sanayinde sektörel iş gücü, verimlilik, tüketim ve piyasaya açıklık açısından güçlü ilişki göstermekte. Üç gösterge indeksi de literatüre uyumlu olarak Marjinal Endüstri İçi Ticaret ve iş gücü uyum maliyeti arasında negatif ilişki göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstri İçi Ticaret, Uluslararası Ticaret, İşi Gücü Uyum Maliyeti, Dinamik Panel Data

Marginal Intra-Industry Trade and Labor Adjustment Cost in EU

Öz

Intra- Industry Trade is a crucial issue from the point of view of increased importance in international trade and its' labor adjustment cost influence in the literature. This research analyzes the relationship between MIIT and labor adjustment cost by comparing the different measures of marginal intra-industry trade. We compare the A, MD1, and MD2 indexes, which are different measures of MIIT. 127 manufacturing subsectors are used in 15 European Union countries in the period between 1990- 2017. The result of dynamic panel data of system GMM shows that the MD2 measurement method explains the low adjustment cost better than MD1. It significantly correlates with a few of the variables concerning trade. MD1j has a strong relationship with sectoral employment, consumption, productivity, and openness in the manufacturing industry in the European Union. Three measures of MIIT present a negative link between MIIT and adjustment cost, which is suitable with the literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intra- Industry Trade, International Trade, Labor Adjustment Cost, Dynamic Panel Data

Kaynakça

• ARELLANO, M., BOND, S. (1991). Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and Application to Employment Equations. Review of Economic Studies 58: 277-297.
• ARELLANO, M., BOVER, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics 68: 29- 51.
• BALASSA, B. (1979). Tariff Reductions and Trade in Manufactures Among the Industrial Countries. American Economic Review 56: 466-473.
• BLUNDELL, R., BOND, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Economics 87: 115- 143.
• BLUNDELL, R., BOND, S. (2000). GMM estimation with persistent panel data: an application to production functions. Econometric Reviews 19: 321-340.
• BRÜLHART, M. (1994). Marginal Intra- Industry Trade: Measurement and Relevance for the Pattern of Industrial Adjustment. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 130(3): 600- 613.
• BRÜLHART, M., ELLIOT, R. (1998). Adjustment to the European Single Market: Inferences from Intra-Industry Trade Patterns. Journal of Economic Studies.
• BRÜLHART, M., MCALEESE, D. and O’ DONNELL, M. (1999). Ireland. In M. Brülhart and R. Hine (eds.). Intra-Industry Trade and Adjustment: The European Experience. London: Macmillan.
• DIXON, P., and MENON, J. (1997). Measures of Trade as Indicators of Factor Market Disruption. Economic Record 73 (September): 233- 237.
• GREENAWAY, D., HINE, R.C. (1991). Intra-industry specialization, trade expansion and adjustment in the European economic space. Journal of Common Market Studies 24: 603-22.
• GREENAWAY, D., HINE, R., MILNER, C. and ELLIOT, R. (1994). Adjustment and the Measurement of Marginal Intra- Industry Trade. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 130: 418- 427.
• HAMILTON, C., and KNIEST, P. (1991). Trade Liberalization, Structural Adjustment, and Intra-Industry Trade. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 127: 356- 367.
• KOL, J., and KUIJPERS, B. (1999). The Netherlands. In M. Brülhart and R. Hine (eds). Intra- Industry Trade and Adjustment: The European Experience. London: Macmillan.
• LOVELY, M.E., and NELSON, D.R.. (2000). Marginal Intra- Industry Trade and Labor Market Adjustment. Review of International Economics 8: 436- 447.
• LOVELY, M.E., and NELSON, D.R. (2002). Intra- Industry Trade as an Indicator of Labor Market Adjustment. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 138.
• MENON, J., and Dixon, P. (1997). Intra- Industry versus Inter- Industry Trade: Relevance for Adjustment Costs. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 133: 164- 169.
• PORTO, M., and Costa, F. (1999). Portugal. In M. Brülhart and R. Hine (eds.), Intra- Industry Trade and Adjustment: The European Experience. London: Macmillian.
• ROSSINI, G., and Burattoni, M. (1999). Italy. In M. Brülhart and R. Hine (eds), Intra- Industry Trade and Adjustment: The European Experience. London: Macmillan.
• SARRIS, A.H., PAPADIMITRIOU, P. and MAVROGIANNIS, A. (1999). Greece. In M. Brülhart and R. Hine (eds.), Intra-Industry Trade and Adjustment: The European Experience. London: Macmillian.
• SMEETS, H.D. (1999). Germany. In M. Brülhart and R. Hine (eds.), Intra- Industry Trade and Adjustment: The European Experience. London: Macmillian.
• THARAKAN, P.K.M., and CALFAT, G. (1999). Belgium. In M. Brülhart and R. Hine (eds.), Intra- Industry Trade and Adjustment: The European Experience. London: Macmillan.