Küçük Ölçekli Mimarlık Ofisleri için Bilgi Yönetimi Modeli

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 21 - 36, 31.03.2024

Burcu Balaban Ökten , Selin Gündeş

https://doi.org/10.29106/fesa.1343024

Öz

Bilgi yönetimi (BY) kaynak olarak bilginin verimli kullanılmasına olanak sağlayacak yöntemler geliştiren bir alandır. İşletmeler bünyelerinde ürettikleri bilgileri etkin kullanabilmek için BY uygulamalarını kullanmaktadırlar. Kullanılan bu uygulamalar bilgisayar programları gibi bilişim tabanlı sistemler olabildiği gibi, toplantılar ve yüz yüze görüşmeler gibi insan odaklı yöntemleri de içermektedirler. Fakat geliştirilen bu uygulamaların işletmelerin güncel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmeleri için sürekli iyileştirmelere ihtiyaçları vardır. Bu durum işletmelerin BY yatırımları yapmalarını ve bünyelerinde BY ile ilgili birim veya çalışanları bulundurmalarını gerektirmektedir. Bahsi geçen yatırımların ise ancak büyük ölçekli işletmeler tarafından karşılanabilir olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye’de bulunan toplam girişim sayısının %99,8’ini oluşturan KOBİ’lerin BY uygulamalarına kısıtlı kaynakları nedeniyle yatırım yapamadıkları görülmektedir. Bu durum KOBİ’lerin bilgilerin yönetiminde tekrar eden sorunlar ile karşılaşmalarına sebep olmaktadır. İnşaat sektörü gibi risk oranları yüksek ve çok sayıda paydaşla çalışılması gereken bir sektörde, yönetim modellerinin kullanılmaması; öngörülemeyen maliyetler, zamanında teslim edilemeyen projeler ve iş kalitesinin düşmesi gibi sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Projelerin yönetilebilmesi için önemli bir kaynak olan bilginin, üretimi, saklanması ve tekrar kullanılması sektörün önemli sorunlarındandır. Tespit edilen sorunların ışığında küçük ölçekli mimarlık ofisleri için bütünleşik bilgi yönetimi modeli (BBYM) geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen modelde mevcut sorunların çözümü için hem bilişim tabanlı hem de insan odaklı yöntemler önerilmiştir. İşletmelerin basit ve maliyeti düşük çözüm önerilerine ihtiyaçları vardır. Geliştirilen BBYM’nin mimarlık ofisleri için mevcut BY sorunlarının tespit edilmesi ve sorunların çözümü için faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca yapılan bu çalışmanın alanda yapılacak ileriki çalışmalar için de bir kaynak oluşturması hedeflenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi, Bilgi Yönetimi, İnşaat Sektörü, Mimarlık Ofisleri, KOBİ

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Burcu Balaban Ökten'in "TÜRK İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜNDE KÜÇÜK VE ORTA ÖLÇEKLİ FİRMALARDA BİLGİ YÖNETİMİ" başlıklı doktora tezinden üretilmiştir.

Knowledge Management Model for Small Sized Architecture Offices

Öz

Knowledge management (KM) is a field that develops methods that will enable the efficient use of knowledge as a resource. Businesses use KM applications in order to use the information they produce effectively. These applications can be information-based systems such as computer programs, as well as human-oriented methods such as meetings and face-to-face interviews. However, these developed applications need continuous improvements in order to meet the current needs of the enterprises. This situation requires businesses to make KM investments and to have units or employees related to KM within their structure. It is seen that the mentioned investments can only be met by large-scale enterprises. It is seen that SMEs, which make up 99.8% of the total number of enterprises in Turkey, cannot invest in KM practices due to their limited resources. This situation causes SMEs to encounter recurring problems in the management of information. Failure to use management models in a sector such as the construction sector, which has high risk rates and requires working with many stakeholders; unpredictable costs, projects that cannot be delivered on time, and a decrease in the quality of work. The production, storage and reuse of information, which is an important resource for the management of projects, is one of the important problems of the sector. In the light of the identified problems, an integrated information management model (BBYM) has been developed for small-scale architectural offices. In the developed model, both informatics-based and human-oriented methods are proposed for the solution of existing problems. Businesses need simple and cost-effective solutions. It is thought that the developed BBYM will be useful for architectural offices to identify and solve existing KM problems. In addition, it is aimed that this study will be a source for future studies in the field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Knowlwdge and document management, Knowledge Management, Construction sector, Architecture offices, SME

Kaynakça

• ABDUL RAHMAN, H., YAHYA, I.A., BERAWİ, M.A., AND WAH, L.W. (2008), “Conceptual delay mitigation model using a project learning approach in practice,” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 15–27.
• ABDUL-RAHMAN, H., WANG, C., AND MALAY, S.B. (2012), “Structured project learning model toward improved competitiveness in bidding for large construction firms,” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 546–556.
• ACAR, E. AND GÖÇ, Y. (2011), “Prediction of risk perception by owners ’ psychological traits in small building contractors,” Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 29 No. 8, pp. 841–852.
• AHMAD, H.S. (2010), Development of KM Model for Knowledge Management Implementation and Application in Construction Projects, The University of Birmingham.
• ARİF, M., KHALFAN, M.M.A., BARNARD, J.H. AND HELLER, N.A. (2012), “Assessing knowledge retention in construction organisations: Cases from the UAE”, Australasian Journal of Construction Economics and Building, Vol. 12 No. 2, p. 71.
• BALABAN ÖKTEN, B. (2016), “Türk İnşaat sektöründe küçük ve Orta Ölçekli Firmalarda Bilgi Yönetimi”, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, MSGSÜ, İstanbul
• BALABAN ÖKTEN, B., & GUNDES, S. (2018). “Knowledge Management in Small and Medium Architecture, Engineering and Construction Firms in Turkey”, The Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 16(2).
• BARTHOLOMEW, D. (2008), Building on Knowledge: Developing Expertise, Creativity and Intellectual Capital in the Construction Professions, 1. ed., Wiley-Blackwell.
• BEYLIER, C., POURROY, F., VILLENEUVE, F. AND MILLE, A. (2009), “A collaboration-centred approach to manage engineering knowledge: a case study of an engineering SME”, Journal of Engineering Design, Vol. 20 No. March 2015, pp. 523–542.
• BOZBURA, F.T. (2007), “Knowledge management practices in Turkish SMEs”, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Vol. 20, pp. 209–221.
• CARRILLO, P., RUIKAR, K. AND FULLER, P. (2012), “When will we learn? Improving lessons learned practice in construction”, International Journal of Project Management, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 31 No. 4, pp. 567–578.
• CRESWELL, J.W. (2014), Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches, 4 edition., Sage Publications.
• DURST, S. AND EDVARDSSON, I.R. (2012), “Knowledge management in SMEs: a literature review”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 16 No. 6, pp. 879–903.
• DURST, S., EDVARDSSON, I.R. AND BRUNS, G. (2013), “Knowledge creation in small construction firms”, Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 125–142.
• EGBU, C. (2000), “Knowledge management in construction SMEs: coping with the issues of structure, culture, commitment and motivation.”, in Akintoye, A. (Ed.), 16th Annual ARCOM Conference, Vol. 1, Glasgow Caledonian University. Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Glasgow, pp. 83–92.
• EMMITT, S., PASQUIRE, C. AND MERTIA, B. (2012), “Is good enough ‘ making do ’? An investigation of inappropriate processing in a small design and build company”, Construction Innovation, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 369–383.
• FORCADA, N., FUERTES, A., GANGOLELLS, M., CASALS, M. AND MACARULLA, M. (2013), “Knowledge management perceptions in construction and design companies”, Automation in Construction, Vol. 29, pp. 83–91.
• HARI, S., EGBU, C. AND KUMAR, B. (2005), “A knowledge capture awareness tool An empirical study on small and medium enterprises in the construction industry”, Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, Vol. 12 No. 6, pp. 533–567.
• HIGGINS, D., MIRZA, M. AND DROZYNSKA, A. (2013), “Power, politics & learning: a social enactment of the SME owner/manager”, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 470–483.
• HO, S.-P., TSERNG, H.-P. AND JAN, S.-H. (2013), “Enhancing knowledge sharing management using BIM technology in construction.”, TheScientificWorldJournal, ScientificWorld Ltd., Vol. 2013, p. 170498.
• KALE, S. AND KARAMAN, A.E. (2012), “Benchmarking the Knowledge Management Practices of Construction Firms”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 335–344.
• KIM, S.B. (2014), “Impacts of knowledge management on the organizationlal success”, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Springer Verlag, Vol. 18 No. 6, pp. 1609–1617.
• LEE, C.C. AND EGBU, C.O. (2007), “Information technology tools for capturing and communicating learning and experiences in construction SMEs in developed and developing countries”, Electronic Journal of Information Technology in Construction, Vol. 12 No. October 2005, pp. 167–180.
• LOFORTE RIBEIRO, F. AND TIMÓTEO FERNANDES, M. (2010), “Exploring agile methods in construction small and medium enterprises: a case study”, Journal of Enterprise Information Management, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 161–180.
• MAES, J. AND SELS, L. (2014), “SMEs’ Radical Product Innovation: The Role of Internally and Externally Oriented Knowledge Capabilities”, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 52 No. 1, pp. 141–163.
• MORGAN, G.A., LEECH, N.L., GLOECKNER, G.W. AND BARRETT, K.C. (2013), IBM SPSS for Introductory Statistics, 5th ed., Routledge, New York and London.
• NAVARRO, J.G.C., DEWHURST, F.W. AND ELDRIDGE, S. (2010), “Linking chief knowledge officers with customer capital through knowledge management practices in the Spanish construction industry”, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 389–404.
• NUNES, M.B., ANNANSINGH, F., EAGLESTONE, B. AND WAKEFIELD, R. (2006), “Knowledge management issues in knowledge-intensive SMEs”, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 62 No. 1, pp. 101–119.
• PARK, M., JANG, Y., LEE, H.-S., AHN, C. AND YOON, Y.-S. (2013), “Application of knowledge management technologies in Korean small and medium-sized construction companies”, KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 22–32.
• PEKTAŞ, Ş.T. (2014), “The layered dependency structure matrix for managing collaborative design processes”, Open House International, Open House International Association, Vol. 39 No. 1, pp. 26–35.
• PELLICER, E., YEPES, V., CORREA, C.L. AND ALARCÓN, L.F. (2014), “Model for Systematic Innovation in Construction Companies”, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Vol. 140 No. 4, pp. B4014001–1–8.
• ROXAS, B., BATTISTI, M. AND DEAKINS, D. (2013), “Learning, innovation and firm performance: knowledge management in small firms”, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Nature Publishing Group, Vol. 12 No. 4, pp. 443–453.
• SCULLY, R. AND KHOSROWSHAHI, F. (2011), “Implementing the Process of Knowledge Sharing for Small Construction Consultant Practices in Ireland”, The Built & Human Environment Review, Vol. 4 No. 1, pp. 45–58.
• SHOKRI-GHASABEH, M. AND CHILESHE, N. (2014), “Knowledge management: Barriers to capturing lessons learned from Australian construction contractors perspective”, Construction Innovation: Information, Process, Management, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 108–134.
• STYHRE, A. (2011), “The architect’s gaze: The maintenance of collective professional vision in the work of the architect”, Culture and Organization, Vol. 17 No. 4, pp. 253–269.
• VENKATESWARAN, V. AND AUNDHE, S. (2013), “Managing Knowledge in a Construction Company-A Process Model”, Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 20 No. 2, pp. 59–70.
• WEI, C.C., CHOY, C.S. AND CHEW, G.G. (2011), “The KM processes in Malaysian SMEs: an empirical validation”, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Nature Publishing Group, Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 185–196.
• WONG, K.Y. AND ASPINWALL, E. (2005), “An empirical study of the important factors for knowledge-management adoption in the SME sector”, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 64–82.
• XIAO, H. AND BOYD, D. (2006), “Using Personal Construct Theory To Challenge Knowledge Management Practice in Construction”, in Boyd, D. (Ed.), 22nd Annual ARCOM Conference, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, Birmingham, UK, pp. 981–990.
• YNG LING, F.Y. AND TRAN, P.Q. (2012), “Effects of interpersonal relations on public sector construction contracts in Vietnam”, Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 30 No. 12, pp. 1087–1101.
• ZHAO, Z.Y., ZUO, J., ZILLANTE, G. AND ZHAO, X.J. (2012), “Foreign architectural and engineering design firms’ competitiveness and strategies in China: A diamond model study”, Habitat International, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 36 No. 3, pp. 362–370.