A Conceptual and Applied Analysis of the Level 5 Leadership

Öz

The aim of this research is to examine the conceptual perspective of Fifth Level Leadership and to investigate the leadership behaviors of principals in public schools in terms of Fifth Level Leadership. The phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the research. The study group consisted of 26 teachers working in various branches in Mardin province in 2022-2023. The data of the research was collected through a semi-structured interview form with six questions. It was revealed that modesty and empathy, which are the characteristic features of Fifth Level Leadership, contributed to teachers' willingness to go to school. In the research, it was determined that teachers who worked with Level Five Leaders went to work happily and peacefully, and their professional self-efficacy was contributed to. According to other results reached in the research, school principals generally exhibit a profile far from Fifth Level Leadership behaviors. The principal profile that teachers want to see is a modest, knowledgeable, postgraduate educated manager who tries to understand teachers, constantly improves himself, is open to communication and cares about appearance.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Level Leadership
• Humility
• Charisma
• level 5leadership

Beşinci Düzey Liderliğin Kavramsal ve Uygulamalı İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı Beşinci Düzey Liderliğin kavramsal açıdan incelemek ve devlet okullarındaki müdürlerin liderlik davranışlarını Beşinci Düzey Liderlik açısından araştırmaktır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2022-2023 yılında Mardin ilinde, çeşitli branşlarda çalışan 26 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri altı soruluk yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Beşinci Düzey Liderliğin karakteristik özelliklerinden alçak gönüllülük ve empati kurmanın, öğretmenlerin istekli bir şekilde okula gitmelerine katkı sunduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmada Beşinci Düzey Liderler ile çalışan öğretmenlerin mutlu ve huzurlu bir şekilde işe gittikleri, mesleki öz yeterliklerine katkı sunulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada ulaşılan diğer sonuçlara göre okul müdürleri genel anlamda Beşinci Düzey Liderlik davranışlarından uzak bir profil sergilemektedirler. Öğretmenlerin görmek istedikleri müdür profili alçakgönüllü, bilgili, lisansüstü eğitim düzeyi olan, öğretmenleri anlamaya çalışan, kendini sürekli geliştiren, iletişime açık ve dış görünüşe önem veren bir yönetici olması yönündedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• düzey liderlik
• 5.düzey liderlik
• alçak gönüllülük
• karizma

Kaynakça

1. Alimoğlu Özkan, S., Ardıç, K., & Özsoy, E. (2022). The role of psychological well-being in the effect of humble leadership on innovative work behavior. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 11(3), 1179-1191. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1107468
2. Altın, F., & Vatanartıran, S. (2014). A model proposal for the preparation, selection, and professional development of school principals in Turkey. Journal of Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Faculty of Education, 15(2), 17-35. https://doi.org/10.2010/27724
3. Aşgın, S., & Özdoğan, A. (2023). Class teachers' school heads opinions on exhibitor leadership: example of Zonguldak center. International Journal of Social and Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 10(92), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.3456
4. Bahar, B. (2019). Ethics leadership from the perspective of social learning theory and social exchange theory. Balkan Journal of Social Sciences, 8(16), 237-242.
5. Bakioğlu, A., & Demiral, S. (2013). Perception of principals and their decision making style in cases of ambiguity. Journal of Educational Sciences, 38(38), 9-36.
6. Bektaş, F., & Turan, S. (2014). Leadership. S. Turan (Ed.). Educational management, theory, research and practice, Pegem Academy Publication.
7. Bennis, W. (2009). On becoming a leader. Perseus Books Group.
8. Bursalıoğlu, Z. (2022). New structure and behavior in school management. (22nd Edition). Pegem Academy Publication.

9. Caldwell, C., Anderson, V., & Ichiho, R. (2017). Understanding level 5 leaders – the ethical perspectives of leadership humility. Journal of Management Development 36(5), 724-732. doi: 10.1108/JMD-09-2016-0184
10. Cemaloğlu, N., & Gökyer, N. (2022). Leadership from theory to practice. Eğiten Kitap Publishing.
11. Creswell, J.W. (2023). Qualitative research methods- Qualitative research and research design according to five approaches. (7th edition) (Trans.: M. Tüm and S. B. Demir). Ankara: Political Bookstore
12. Collins, J. (2001). Fifth Level Leadership. the triumph of humility oath fierce resolve. Harvard Business Review, 79(1), 66–76.
13. Collins, J. (2002). From 'good' to 'excellent' company, (Trans. Levent Cinemre), (8th Edition). İstanbul: Boyner Publications.
14. Collins, J., & Hansen, M. T. (2011). Great by Choice: Uncertainty, Chaos and Luck-Why some thrive despite them all. Random House.
15. Çelik, V. (2011). Educational leadership, (6th Edition) Pegem Akademi.
16. Demirtaş, Z., & Küçük, Ö. (2019). Relationship between school principals’ toxic leadership behaviors and teachers’ organizational silence. PAU Journal of Education, 47, 41-58. doi:10.9779/pauefd.489747
17. Derya, S. (2010). The relationship between leadership styles and influence tactics: a survey on managers working 5 stars hotels in Antalya. (Unpublished master's thesis) Süleyman Demirel University Social Sciences Institute, Isparta.
18. Diş, O., & Akbaşlı, S. (2019). Competencies of school managers as a leader according to teachers' views. International Journal of Leadership Studies: Theory and Practice, 2(2), 86-102. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijls/issue/47860/586375.
19. Güçlü, N., Özer, A., Kurt, T., & Koşar, S. (2015). Multilevel analysis of the effects of leadership styles, decision making strategies and personality on decision-making process in schools. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(2), 1756-1791. doi: 10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3470
20. Hoy, W.K. & Miskel, C. G. (2020). Education management. (7th Edition). (Trans. Ed. S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel. Jildeh, Toufic R. MD; Hasan, Laith K. BBA; Okoroha, Kelechi R. MD; Parsons, Theodore W. III MD. (2021). Leadership in Orthopaedic Surgery. JBJS Reviews 9(4):e20.00187, April 2021. doi:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.20.00187 Karadaş, H., & Isırgan, R. (2024). Investigation of quantum leadership levels of school principals: the case of Mardin province. International Journal of Mardin Studies, 5(1), 40-52. https://doi.org/10.63046/ijms.1445278
21. Karadaş, H., & Konan, N. (2021). Development of learning leadership scale. Kahramanmara Sutcu Imam University Journal of Education (KSUJED), 3(1), 93–106.
22. Kasapoğlu, H., & Çalık, T. (2017). Self-development as a predictor of the school administrators’ managerial effectiveness. Elementary Education Online, 16(3), 1079-1091. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2017.330243
23. Katıtaş, S., Karadaş, H., & Coşkun, B. (2022). The effect of ethical leadership behaviors of school admınistrators on teachers’ subjective well-being and job satisfaction. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Faculty of Education (62), 182-207. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.949243
24. Kazan, A., & Özgenel, M. (2021). The effect of charismatic leadership characteristics of school principals on school development. Academic Platform Journal of Education and Change, 4(1), 175-194. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/apjec/issue/62988/946700
25. Kırbaç, M. (2013). Toxic leadership in educational organizations (Unpublished master's thesis). İnönü University Institute of Educational Sciences, Malatya.
26. Konan, N. &. Mermer, S. (2021). Quantum leadership scale: validity and reliability study. E-International Journal of Pedandragogy (e-ijpa) 1(1), 74-86. Doi: https://trdoi.org/10.27579808/eijpa.13
27. Kurtz, L. (2013) Great by Choice: Uncertainty, Chaos, and Luck – Why Some Thrive Despite Them All, Quantitative Finance, 13 (7), 997-999. doi: 10.1080/14697688.2013.779016
28. Küçük, K., & Yavuz, E. (2018). Servant leadership: Gandhi example. International Journal of Leadership Studies: Theory and Practice, 1(2), 81-93. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ijls/issue/41407/419913
29. Madenoğlu, C. (2003). The Priorities of the high school teachers and administrators related to the reguired qualities of school administrators. (Unpublished master's thesis). Anadolu University Institute of Educational Sciences, Eskişehir.
30. Owens, B. P., & Hekman, D. R. (2016). How does leader humility ınfluence team performance? Exploring the mechanisms of contagion oath collegtive promotion focus. Academy of Management Journal, 59(3). doi:10.5465/amj.2013.0660
31. Özcan, M. (2022). Leadership from theory to practice. N. Cemaloğlu & N. Gökyer (Ed). Fifth level leadership (pp.375-386). Eğiten Kitap Publications.
32. Özdemir, S. (2012). The relationship between school culture and organizational health in primary schools. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 18(4), 599-620.
33. Özşahin, M., & Zehir, C. (2011). The relationship between the leadership, entrepreneurial orientation and Organizational performance in high performing organizations. Journal of Administrative Sciences, 9(2), 115-140. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/comuybd/issue/4105/54066
34. Peus, C., Braun, S., & Knipfer, K. (2015). On becoming a leader in Asia and America: Empirical evidence from women managers. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(1), 55-67.
35. Patterson, K. A. (2003). Servant leadership: A theoretical model. Dissertation Abstracts International, UMI No. WWTP 3082719, Regent University.
36. Patton, M. Q. (2018). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. (3rd Edition). (Trans. Ed. M.Bütün and SB Demir). Pegem Akademi.
37. Reid, W. A., Bud West, G. R., Winston, B. E., & Wood, J. A. (2014). An instrument to measure Fifth Level Leadership. Journal of Leadership Studies, 8(1), 17-32. doi: 10.1002/jls.21317
38. Serin, M. K., & Buluç, B. (2012). The relationship between ınstructional leadership and organizational commitment in primary schools. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 3(3), 435-459.
39. Tepe, N. (2017). Teacher and administrator opinions on competencies of school administrators. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 5(59), 388-401.
40. Turan, S., & Özkan, M. (2023). Applied school leadership. Asos Publications.
41. Tekindal, S. (2023). Quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods research designs and statistics. (2nd edition). Ankara: Nobel Publishing House.
42. Uzun, G. (2005). Differences between the leadership behaviors of male and female managers and an application in banking sector (Unpublished master's thesis). Çukurova University Social Sciences Institute, Adana.
43. Uzundağ, V., & Özmusul, M. (2021). About the decision-making processes of school principals Examining teachers' opinions. International Journal of Leadership Studies: Theory and Practice, 4(1), 01-16.
44. Ünsal, Y. (2018). The influence of the servant leadership roles displayed in educational organizations on the alienation of teachers to work (Unpublished master's thesis). Harran University Institute of Social Sciences, Şanlıurfa.
45. Wang, Y., Liu, J., & Zhu, Y. (2018). Humble leadership, psychological safety, knowledge sharing, and follower creativity: a cross-level investigation. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1727. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01727 Williams, M. (2005). Leadership for leaders, Thorogood publishing pp. 38-42.
46. Fifth Level Leadership. (2021). https://www.kooplog.com/5-seviye-liderlik/ Yalçın, D., & Başar, M. (2022). Teachers' views on school happiness of the leadership styles shown by school managers. International Journal of Leadership Training, 6(2), 122-138. https://trdoi.org/10.26023458/uled.1206522
47. Yalçınkaya, M. (2002). Leadership at effective schools. Ege Education Journal, 1(2), 109-119.
48. Yıldırım, A., & Simsek, H. (2021). Qualitative research in social sciences methods (12th Ed.). Seçkin Publishing.
49. Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study methods: design oath methods (5th Edition). Sage Pbc.
50. Yirci, R., & Berk, B. (2021). Effective school principal according to the views of school administrators and teachers: a qualitative research. Journal of History School, 50, 570- 598.
51. Zengin, R., Akın, M.A ve Karadaş, H. (2021). An Investigation of the relationship between school principals' transformational leadership behaviors and teachers' burnout levels according to teacher perceptions. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 22(3), 2677-2706. DOI: 10.17679/inuefd.991281