Ukrayna Savaşı Sonrası Rusya’ya Uygulanan Yaptırımların Avrasya Ekonomik Birliğine Etkisi

Öz

Rusya Federasyonu'nun Sovyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra bağımsızlığını kazanan sınır ülkeleriyle başlattığı bölgesel entegrasyon çabaları Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği (AEB) ile sonuçlanmıştır. 2010'lu yılların başlangıcından bu yana Rusya, post-Sovyet ülkelerinin yöneticileriyle yeni ve farklı bir bütünleşme yapısı konusunda görüşmeler yürütüyor olsa da Kırım’ın işgal edilmesi, Batı’nın Rusya’ya karşı yaptırım uygulaması ve Rusya’nın küresel alanda yalnızlaştırma politikasıyla karşı karşıya kalması bu bütünleşme çabalarının hızlandırılmasına neden olmuştur. SSCB sonrasında kurulan bağımsız devletlere önemli imtiyazlar tanıyan Moskova, 2015 yılının başlarında beş post-Sovyet devletinin başkanlarını Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği'nin oluşturulması hususunda mutabakata varmaları için ikna etmiştir. Rusya, Birliğin üye sayısını arttırma hedefine yedi yıl içinde ulaşamamış olmasına rağmen, AEB çeşitli iktisadi ve finans sektörlerinde çok taraflı platform olarak bir işlev üstlenmiştir. Konusu Ukrayna savaşı sonrası Rusya’ya uygulanan yaptırımların Avrasya ekonomik birliğine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi olan bu çalışmada, AEB üye ülkelerin politik tutumlarının temelinde siyasi pragmatizmin etkisi görülmektedir, bu ülkelerin her ne kadar Avrasya ittifakına resmi olarak destek veriyor olsalar da aynı zamanda kendi egemenlik alanlarını güçlendirebilecek başka projelere de dahil olmak istedikleri sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmada, Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği örgütünün yapısı ve önemi açıklanmış, Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı genel hatlarıyla ele alınarak, Batı’nın Rusya’ya uygulamış olduğu yaptırımların AEB’ye etkisi değerlendirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rusya
• Ukrayna
• Yaptırım Politikası
• Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği

The Impact of Sanctions Imposed on Russia After the Ukraine War on the Eurasian Economic Union

Öz

Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation initiated regional integration efforts with its newly independent neighboring states, which eventually led to the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Since the early 2010s, Russia has engaged in discussions with post-Soviet leaders to create a new and distinct integration framework. However, the annexation of Crimea, Western sanctions against Russia, and Moscow’s growing isolation on the global stage accelerated these integration initiatives. Granting significant concessions to the newly independent states, Moscow successfully persuaded five post-Soviet countries to agree on forming the EAEU by early 2015. Although Russia has not achieved its goal of expanding the Union’s membership within seven years, the EAEU has become a multilateral platform in various economic and financial sectors. This study, which examines the impact of sanctions imposed on Russia after the Ukraine war on the EAEU, highlights the role of political pragmatism in the member states’ policies. While these countries officially support the Eurasian alliance, they also seek opportunities to engage in alternative projects that strengthen their own sovereignty. The research explains the structure and significance of the EAEU, outlines the Russia-Ukraine war, and evaluates the repercussions of Western sanctions on the Union.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Russia
• Ukraine
• Sanctions policy
• Eurasian Economic Union

Kaynakça

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