Araştırma Makalesi

The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging

Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3 14 Eylül 2026
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The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging

Öz

This study examined the psychosocial problems, loneliness levels, and social adaptation experiences of international university students studying in Türkiye. Employing a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, the study first collected quantitative data through a convenience sample of 320 international students enrolled at public universities. Participants completed the International Student Psychosocial Problems Scale, the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S), and a demographic information form. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability analyses, and normality checks. In the qualitative phase, 21 students, selected based on scale scores and voluntary participation, were interviewed through semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis via MAXQDA software, and three main themes emerged: Social Adaptation Process, Friendship and Peer Relationships, and Sense of Belonging. Quantitative findings indicated moderate-to-high levels of psychosocial problems and social loneliness, while qualitative findings revealed that language proficiency, peer interaction, and emotional inclusion played a significant role in students’ adjustment. The study highlights the need for sustained culturally responsive support to enhance international students’ well-being and integration in Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Abe, J., Talbot, D. M., Gellhoed, R., & Geelhoed, R. J. (1998). Effects of a peer program on international student adjustment. Journal of College Student Development, 39, 539-547.
  2. Alshammari, M. K., Othman, M. H., Mydin, Y. O., & Mohammed, B. A. (2023). Exploring how cultural identity and sense of belonging influence the psychological adjustment of international students. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. C, Physiology and Molecular Biology, 15(1), 251-257. https://doi.org/10.21608/eajbsc.2023.290566
  3. Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The internationalization of higher education: Motivations and realities. Journal of studies in international education, 11(3-4), 290-305. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315307303542
  4. Bauer, M., & Schoon, I. (1993). Mapping variety in public understanding of science. Public Understanding of Science, 2(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/2/2/004
  5. Bedi, S., Roberts, J., & Duff, C. (2024). “There’s a certain loneliness of being in a space that does not relate to you”: The resilience and mental health experiences of international students during the COVID-19 pandemic. SAGE Open, 14(4), 21582440241300522. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241300522
  6. Berry, J. W. (2021). Migrant acculturation and adaptation. Bhugra, D. (Ed.). In Oxford textbook of migrant psychiatry (pp. 311–317). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198833741.003.0036
  7. Bowen, G. A. (2008). Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation concept: a research note. Qualitative Research, 8(1), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794107085301
  8. Caligiuri, P., DuBois, C. L., Lundby, K., & Sinclair, E. A. (2020). Fostering international students’ sense of belonging and perceived social support through a semester-long experiential activity. Research in Comparative and International Education, 15(4), 357–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745499920954311

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık (Diğer), Sosyal Gelişim, Kültürel Psikoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

14 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

17 Mayıs 2025

Kabul Tarihi

21 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA
Uygur, S. S. (2026). The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences, 36(3), 1139-1153. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1701479
AMA
1.Uygur SS. The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences. 2026;36(3):1139-1153. doi:10.18069/firatsbed.1701479
Chicago
Uygur, Sebahat Sevgi. 2026. “The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging”. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences 36 (3): 1139-53. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1701479.
EndNote
Uygur SS (01 Eylül 2026) The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences 36 3 1139–1153.
IEEE
[1]S. S. Uygur, “The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging”, Firat University Journal of Social Sciences, c. 36, sy 3, ss. 1139–1153, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.18069/firatsbed.1701479.
ISNAD
Uygur, Sebahat Sevgi. “The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging”. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences 36/3 (01 Eylül 2026): 1139-1153. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.1701479.
JAMA
1.Uygur SS. The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences. 2026;36:1139–1153.
MLA
Uygur, Sebahat Sevgi. “The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging”. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences, c. 36, sy 3, Eylül 2026, ss. 1139-53, doi:10.18069/firatsbed.1701479.
Vancouver
1.Sebahat Sevgi Uygur. The Social Adaptation Process from the Perspective of International Students: Friendship and Sense of Belonging. Firat University Journal of Social Sciences. 01 Eylül 2026;36(3):1139-53. doi:10.18069/firatsbed.1701479