BÖLÜNMÜŞ TOPLUMLARDA ÇOĞUNLUK ESASINA DAYANAN SEÇİM SİSTEMİNİN ZORLUKLARI VE AZINLIKLARIN TEMSİLİ: ETİYOPYA ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Demokratik siyasal sistemlerde seçimin önemli olduğu bilinen bir gerçektir. Ancak demokratik siyasal sistemler için dünya genelinde en iyi olarak kabul edilebilecek bir seçim sistemi yoktur. Bu yüzden farklı ülkelerde birbirinden farklı seçim sistemleri kullanılmakta, kimileri özellikle Afrika ülkeleri, sadece kendi sömürgeci ülkelerindeki seçim sistemini benimsemişken kimileri de özenli bir kamusal tartışma sonucunda kendi seçim sistemlerini oluşturmuşlardır. Diğer Afrika ülkelerinden farklı olarak, Etiyopya bağımsız bir devlet olup, Hile-sellassie rejiminin (1930-1974) bazı göstermelik seçimlerinin dışında demokratik modern seçim türlerinin herhangi birinden tarihsel deneyim yaşamadan, 1994/5’te kabul edilen anayasa ile çoğunlukçu siyasal sistem ve özellikle çoğunluk esasına dayanan seçim sistemini kabul etmiştir. Bu çalışma bölünmüş toplumlarda özellikle Etiyopya üzerinde çoğunluk esasına dayanan seçim sisteminin zorluklarını değerlendirmekte ve temsil sorununu ele alarak, “Aktarılabilir Tek Oy”  seçim sistemini Etiyopya için alternatif olabilecek bir seçim sistemi olarak önermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Seçim Sistemi,Demokrasi,Bölünmüş Toplum,Çoğunluk Esasına Dayanan Seçim Sistemi,Nisbi Temsil Seçim Sistemi

The Challenges of Majoritarian Electoral System in Divided Societies and Minority Representation: The Case of Ethiopia

Öz

It is undeniable fact that, election and electoral systems to be an important element in democratic political system. However, for democratic political systems there is no commonly accepted best types of electoral system that works best all over the world. As a result, different countries have employed variety of electoral system in which some, particularly African countries have simply adopted the electoral system from their colonial masters while others have choosen an electoral syetem through discussion and public debate wisely. Despite its independence from any colonial power uniquely from other African countries, and with the exception of some pretended elections of Hile sellassie regime(1930-1974),  together with the introduction of 1994/5 constitution, Ethiopia with no hsitorical experience of modern types of democratic election, has installed the simple plurality majoritarian electoral system. This study assessed the challenges of majoritarian electoral system in divided societies particularly to Ethiopia and the finding conclude by proposing the “alternative single transferable voting system” as means to handle the problem of representation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Electoral System,Democracy,Divided Society,Majoritarian Electoral System,Proportional Electoral System

Kaynakça

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