Çilek Üretiminde Solarizasyon ve Organik Madde Uygulamalarının Toprak Kaynaklı Fungal Patojenlere ve Verime Etkisi

Yıl 2007, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1-2-3, 53 - 63, 01.06.2007

Ayhan Yıldız Ümit Özyılmaz Kemal Benlioğlu Seher Benlioğlu

Öz

-

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Effect of Soil Solarization with Amendments to Soil-born Fungal Pathogens and Yield in Strawberry Production

Öz

Field experiments were carried out in a high tunnel strawberry field in Sultanhisar town of Aydin province during 2004 - 2005 cropping season. Plot size was 4.5 X 40 m for each character. Organic amendments used including winter growing broad bean, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli and wild turnip plants were incorporated into soil by harrowing and sulfur dust was also applied at two different levels, 500 kg ha-1(sulfur I) and 1000 kg ha-1 (sulfur II). Six-week soil solarization was applied to all plots after preparing planting beds. Following solarization, strawberry seedlings (cv. Camarosa) were planted at the first week of August. For bacterial treatments, strawberry seedlings were dipped into the bacterial suspension (108 cell ml-1) of Serratia plymuthica (HRO-C48) and fluorescent Pseudomonas (4K1) isolates before planting. One month later bacterial treatments were reapplied by drenching 10 milliliter of the same bacterial suspensions into soil around each plant. There was significant difference among the treatments and, the highest yield (46820 kg ha-1) was obtained from broad bean treatments. Other treatments resulted in the following yield values; broccoli 46300 kg ha-1, cauliflower 45370 kg ha-1, cabbage 43680 kg ha-1, only soil solarization 42980 kg ha-1, 4K1 41700 kg ha-1, radish 41190 kg ha-1, HRO-C48 39720 kg ha-1 sulfur I 34560 kg ha-1, and sulfur II 31800 kg ha-1. The lowest percentage of dead strawberry plants was observed with solarization only plots (26%). This was followed by broad bean (27.7%), broccoli (31.3%), cauliflower (32%), cabbage (35.3%), HRO-C48 (36.7%), radish (38.6%), 4K1 (43.5%), sulfur II (52.6%) and sulfur I (56.2%) treatments

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biofumigation, broad bean, Brassica spp., sulfur, Serratia, Pseudomonas

Kaynakça

• Anonymous, 2005. Aydın Tarım İl Müdürlüğü Kayıtları
• Benlioğlu, S., A. Yildiz and T. Döken, 2004. Studies to Determine the Causal Agents of Soilborne Fungal Diseases of Strawberries in Aydin and to Control them by Soil Disinfestation. J. Phytopathology 152 (18): 509-513
• Benlioğlu, S., Ö. Boz, A. Yildiz, G. Kaşkavalci and K. Benlioğlu, 2005. Alterntive soil solarization Treatments fort he Control of Soil-borne Diseases and Weed of Strawberry in the Western A natolia of Turkey. J. Phytopathology 153: 423-430.
• Bianco, V., J. Nicholls, S. Mattner, D. Allen and I. Porter, 2000. Biofumigation in Australian Horticulture: An Integrated Approach to MB Replacement. (Online). Available: (http://www.epa.gov/ozone/mbr/airc/2000)
• Cox L. and Koeing R., 2003. Solutions To Soil Problems II. High pH (alkaline soil), Utah University, Cooperative extension, AG/Soils/2003-02 (www.extension.usu.edu)
• Devay J.E. and J. Katan, 2000. Mechanisms of pathogen control in solarized soils. In: Devay J.E. and J. Katan (Eds.) Siol Slarization, 87-101
• Duncan, J.M., D.M. Kennedy, E. Seemuller, 1987. Identities and pathogenicities of Phytophthora spp. causing root rot of red raspberry. Plant Pathol 36:276–289
• Duniway, J.M., J.J. Hao, D.M. Dopkins, H. Ajwa and G.T. Browne, 2000. Some chemical, cultural ,and Biological alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation of soil for strawberry. Annual International Research Conferance on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, 6-9 November 2000, Orlando, Florida, 9-1/9-2.
• Eayre, C.G., 2000. Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Strawberries and Peaches. Annual International Research Conferance on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, 6-9 November 2000, Orlando, Florida, 12-1/12-2.
• Elmor C.L., J.J. Stapleton, C.E. Bell and J.E. Devay, 1997. Soil Solarization: Nonpesticidal Method For Controlins Diseases, Nematodes and Weeds. University of California, Division of Agriculture, and Natural Resourses, Publication.
• Erdal., I., Kepenek, K., and Kizilgöz, I., 2006. Effect of elemental sulphur and sulphur containing waste on the iron nutrition of strawberry plants grown in a calcareous soil, Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 23:263-272.
• FAO, 2006. http://faostat.fao.org
• Gamliel, A. and J. Katan, 1991. Involvement of flourescent Pseudomonads and other microorganisms in increased growth response of plants in soil solarized soils. Phytopathology 81:494-502
• Gamliel, A. and J.J. Stapleton, 1993a. Characterization of Antifungal Volatile Compounds Evolved From Solarized Soil Amendment With Cabbage Residue. Phytopathology, 83: 899- 905.
• Gamliel, A. and J.J. Stapleton, 1993b. Effect of soil amendment with chicken compost or ammonium phosphate and solarization on pathogen control, rhizosphere microorganisms and lettuce growth. Plant Disease 77: 886-91.
• Katan, J. 1981. Solar heating (solarization) of soil for control of soilborne pests. Ann Rev Phylopathol 19:211-236
• Kuenen, G.J., 1975. Colourless sulfur bacteria and their role in the sulfur cycle. Plant and Soil 43, 49-76.
• Kurze, S., H. Bahl, R.Dahl and G. Berg, 2001. Biological control of Fungal Strawberry Diseases by Serratia plymuthica HRO-C48. Plant Diseases, 85:529-534
• Lazzeri, L., G. Baruzzi, L. Malaguti and L. Antoniacci, 2003. Replacing methyl bromide in strawberry production. Source: Pest Management Science, Volume 59, Number 9, September 2003, pp. 983-990(8)
• Özyilmaz, Ü., 2008. Biological control of strawberry root diseases by rhizobacteria in Aydın province. PhD thesis, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey, 120s.
• Parker, B., T. O’neill, K. Gren, D. Drakes, S. Perkins, M. Lole, K. Mills and A. Curtberson, 2005. UK Application of Methyl Bromide and its Alternatives. (Online). Available: http://www.defra.gov.uk/science/project_data/ DocumentLibrary/ GA01062/ GA01062_3953_FRP.pdf
• Porter, I.J., and S.W. Mattner, 2002. Non-Chemical Alternatives to Methyl Bromide For Soil Treatment in Srawberry Production. Proc.Intl.Conf.Alts. MB. Sevila, Spain. 5-8 March, pp. 41-45.
• Ramirez-Villapudua, J. and D.E. Munnecke, 1988. Effect of solar heating and soil amendments of cruciferous residues on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans and other organisms. Phytopathology 78:289-295.
• Smolinska, U., M.J. Morra, G.R. Knudsen and P.D. Brown, 1997. Toxicity of Glicosinolate Degredation Products Form Brassica nupus seed meal toward Aphanomyces euteiches f.sp. pisi. Phytopathology 87: 77-82.
• Stapleton, J.J. and J.E. Devay, 1984. Thermal components of soil solarization as related to changes in soil and root microflora and increased plant growth response. Phytopathology, 74: 255.
• Stapleton, J.J., C.L. Elmor and J.E. Devay, 2000. Solarization and Biofumigation Help Disinfest Soil. California Agriculture Volume 54: 42-45.
• Subbarao, K.V., J.C. Hubbard and S.T. Koike, 1999. Evoluation of broccoli residue incorporation into field soil for Verticillium Wilt control in cauliflower. Plant Disease, 83: 124-129.
• Tsao, R., C.J. Peterson and J.R. Coats, 2002. Glicosinolate Breakdown Products as Insect Fumigants and Their Effects of Carbo Dioxide Emission of Insects. BMC Ecology, 2: 5.