LIBERTARIANISM BASED ON COMMON-SENSE ETHICAL INTUITIONS: A DEFENSE

Abstract

In this article, I introduce and defend libertarianism based on common-sense ethical intuitions that has emerged in recent years as a support and alternative to deontological and consequentialist libertarian approaches, and which proposes that libertarian themes be grounded in widely shared moral judgments. I devote the first part of the work to the explanation of the intuitive ethical ground, which expresses the possibility of intuitively reaching some moral facts. Then, starting from the idea that individuals and the state are subject to ethical intuitions that point to the same moral standards, I draw attention to the contrast between common-sense ethical intuitions for the actions of the state, which are characterized by the its coercive nature. In this chapter, I also discuss the problems of social contract theory, the most popular contemporary approach on which the idea that the state is immune to moral norms is based. Finally, I argue that some widely-shared ethical intuitions support private property and free market practices.

Keywords

• Libertarianism
• Ethical Intuitionism
• Political authority
• Private property
• Free market

SAĞDUYUSAL ETİK SEZGİLER TEMELİNDE LİBERTERYENİZM: BİR SAVUNMA

Öz

Bu makalede son yıllarda deontolojik ve sonuçsalcı liberteryen yaklaşımlara destek ve alternatif olarak ortaya çıkan, liberteryen temaların yaygın olarak paylaşılan moral yargılara dayandırılmasını öngören sağduyusal etik sezgiler temelli liberteryenizm, politik otorite şüpheciliği, özel mülkiyet ve serbest piyasa başlıkları üzerinden tanıtılarak desteklenmektedir. Çalışmanın ilk bölümü, birtakım moral gerçeklere sezgisel olarak ulaşmanın olanağını ifade eden sezgici etik zeminin açıklanmasına ayrılmıştır. Ardından, bireyler ve devletin aynı moral standartları işaret eden etik sezgilere tabi olduğu fikrinden yola çıkılarak, devletin zorlayıcı doğası ile karakterize olan eylemlerinin sağduyusal etik sezgilerle yaşadığı karşıtlığa işaret edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu bölüm aynı zamanda, devletin moral normlara karşı bağışık olduğu fikrinin dayandığı en popüler çağdaş yaklaşım olan sosyal sözleşme teorisinin problemlerini de sunmaktadır. Son olarak yaygın olarak paylaşılan bazı etik sezgilerin, özel mülkiyet ve serbest piyasa uygulamalarını destekleyici niteliği ortaya konmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Liberteryenizm
• Etik Sezgicilik
• Politik otorite
• Özel mülkiyet
• Serbest piyasa

Kaynakça

1. Bealer, George, ‘’A Theory of the a Priori’’, Philosophical Perspectives, 13 (1999): 29-55.
2. Clarke, Stanley G., ‘’Anti Theory in Ethics’’, American Philosophical Quarterly 24, no. 3 (1987): 237-244.
3. Cuneo, Terence, ‘‘Moral Realism’’, içinde The Continuum Companion to Ethics, ed. Christian Miller, 3-28, New York: Continuum, 2011.
4. Friedman, David, The Machinery of Freedom: Guide to a Radical Capitalism. La Salle: Open Court Publishing Company, 1995.
5. Harberger, Arnold C. “Monopoly and Resource Allocation.” The American Economic Review 44, no. 2 (1954): 77–87.
6. Huemer, Michael, Ethical Intuitionism, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
7. Huemer, Michael, ‘‘Compassionate Phenomenal Conservatism’’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, 74/1 (2007): 30-55.
8. Huemer, Michael, ‘‘Revisionary Intuitionism’’, Social Philosophy & Policy, 25/1 (2008): 368-392.

9. Huemer, Michael, The Problem of Political Authority: An Examination of the Right to Coerce and the Duty to Obey, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
10. Huemer, Michael, ‘‘Ethical Intuitionism’’, içinde Arguments For Liberty, ed. A.R. Powell, G. Babcock, s. 259-300, Washington D.C.: Cato Institute, 2016.
11. Huemer, Michael, ‘‘Is Wealth Redistribution a Rights Violation?’’, içinde The Routledge Handbook of Libertarianism. ed. Jason Brennan, David Schmidtz, Bas van der Vossen, 259-271, New York & London: Routledge, 2017.
12. Kant, Immanuel, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, çeviren & ed. M. Gregor, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
13. Layman, Daniel, ‘‘Two Concepts of Consent in Locke’s Political Theory’’, Etica & Politica, 18/2 (2016): 111-132.
14. Locke, John, Locke: Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
15. Maslow, Abraham, The Psychology of Science: A Reconnaissance. Chapel Hill, NC: Maurice Bassett Publishing, 2002.
16. Moller, Dan, Governing Least: A New England Libertarianism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
17. Narveson, Jan, Respecting People in Theory and Practice: Essays on Moral and Political Philosophy, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.
18. Nozick, Robert, Anarchy, State and Utopia, New York: Basic Books, 1974.
19. Rawls, John, A Theory of Justice: Revised Edition, Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1999.
20. Simmons, A. John, Moral Principles and Political Obligations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.
21. Tosi, Justin, ‘‘Rethinking the Principle of Fair Play’’, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 99 (2018): 612-631. von Mises, Ludwig, Liberalism: The Classical Tradition, Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2005.
22. İnternet Kaynakları
23. Dancy, Jonathan, ‘‘Moral Particularism’’ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2017 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta, (Erişim 4 Eylül 2022), https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-particularism/.
24. van der Vossen, Bas, ‘’Libertarianism’’, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta, (Erişim 4 Eylül 2022), https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/libertarianism/