MISSING ONTOLOGY, POLITICAL REPRESENTATION, AND NEW ONTOLOGIES: A LACLAUIAN ANALYSIS OF NARODNISM AND ZAPATISMO: A LACLAUIAN ANALYSIS OF NARODNISM AND ZAPATISMO

Öz

Abstract This article examines political representation and hegemony through Ernesto Laclau’s concept of incomplete ontology, focusing on the Russian Narodnik and Zapatista movements. Laclau’s post-Marxist approach argues that society does not possess a fixed and fully representable subject; rather, it is a dynamic structure marked by continuous incompleteness and multiplicity. While Narodnism rejects this incomplete ontology by treating the people as a fixed, homogeneous subject, Zapatismo embraces multiple identities and representation crises, making the political field open and negotiable. The article offers a comparative analysis of the ontological and hegemonic foundations of these two movements. In this study, the similarities and differences of these two ideologies were also examined. Ultimately, the study highlights that the political sphere is dynamic, unfinished, and constantly renegotiated, contributing from a post-Marxist perspective to the debate on new ontologies. Keywords: Incomplete ontology, hegemony, articulation, Narodnism, Zapatismo, political theory

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Incomplete Ontology
• hegemony
• articulation
• Narodnism
• Zapatismo
• political theory

EKSİK ONTOLOJİ, SİYASAL TEMSİL VE YENİ ONTOLOJİLER: NARODNİZM VE ZAPATİSMO’NUN LACLAUCU BİR ANALİZİ

Öz

Bu makale, Ernesto Laclau’nun eksik ontoloji kavramı çerçevesinde, siyasal temsil ve hegemonya sorunlarını Rus Narodnik ve Zapatista hareketleri üzerinden incelemektedir. Laclau’nun post-Marksist yaklaşımı, toplumun sabit ve tam anlamıyla temsil edilebilir bir özneye sahip olmadığını, bunun yerine sürekli eksiklik ve çokluk barındıran dinamik bir yapı olduğunu ileri sürer. Narodnizm, halkı sabit ve homojen bir özne olarak görerek eksik ontolojiyi reddederken, Zapatismo çoklu kimlikleri ve temsil krizlerini kabul ederek siyasal alanı açık ve müzakereye açık bir hale getirir. Makale, bu iki hareketin ontolojik ve hegemonik temellerini karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alır. Bu çalışmada iki ideojinin benzerlik ve farklılıkları da incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, siyasal alanın dinamik, tamamlanmamış ve temsilin sürekli yenilendiği bir yapı olduğu vurgulanır. Bu yaklaşım, yeni ontolojiler tartışmasına post-Marksist perspektiften bir katkı sunar. Anahtar Kelimeler: Eksik ontoloji, hegemonya, eklemlenme, Narodnizm, Zapatismo, siyaset teorisi

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eksik Ontoloji
• Hegemonya
• Eklemlenme
• Narodnizm
• Zapatismo
• Siyaset teorisi

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