STIRNER, NIETZSCHE VE FOUCAULT'YU BİRBİRİNE BAĞLAYAN ENTELEKTÜEL SOYAĞACI

Öz

Bu yazıda, Max Stirner 1806–1856 , Friedrich Nietzsche 1844–1900 ve Michel Foucault 1926–1984 arasındaki sıra dışı fakat henüz keşfedilmemiş olan bir ilişkiyi ‘tanrının ölümün’den ‘insanın ölümü’ne uzanan bağlantıdan hareketle tartışacağım. Hegel’in üç düşünürün felsefelerinde de ortak bir düşman olarak mevcut bulunduğunu ve bu düşünürler arasındaki şaşırtıcı benzerliklerin onları aynı istikamete iten post-Hegelyen felsefenin bir sonucu olduğunu öne süreceğim

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Max Stirner
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Michel Foucault
• Tanrının ölümü
• İnsanın ölümü
• anti-humanizm

THE INTELLECTUAL GENEALOGY CONNECTING STIRNER, NIETZSCHE AND FOUCAULT

Abstract

In this paper, I shall discuss an unusual but unexplored relationship between Max Stirner 1806–1856 , Friedrich Nietzsche 1844–1900 and Michel Foucault 1926–1984 with reference to the link from ‘the death of God’ to ‘the death of Man’. I will put forward that Hegel is present in the philosophy of these thinkers as the enemy and the startling similarities between these thinkers are because of post-Hegelian philosophy that drove them in the same direction

Keywords

• Max Stirner
• Friedrich Nietzsche
• Michel Foucault
• the death of God
• the death of Man
• anti-humanism

Kaynakça

1. Bergoffen, D. B., “Nietzsche’s Madman: Perspectivism without Nihilism” in Koelb, C. (eds) Nietzsche as Postmodernist: Essays Pro and Contra, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.
2. Bonanno, A., “The Theory of the Individual: Stirner’s Savage Thought” in The Anarchist Library, 1998. [Online] Available at http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/alfredo-m-bonanno-the-theory-of-theindividual-stirner-s-savage-thought.pdf (Accessed 23 March 2013)
3. Carroll J., Break-Out from the Crystal Palace - The Anarcho-Psychological Critique: Stirner, Nietzsche, Dostoevsky. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974.
4. Colwell, C., “The Retreat of the Subject in the Late Foucault” in Philosophy Today, 38, no. 1, pp. 56–69, 1994.
5. Deleuze, G., The Logic of Sense, London: The Athlone Press, 1990.
6. --------------, Nietzsche and Philosophy, London and New York: Continuum, 2002.
7. --------------, Foucault, Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.
8. Derrida, J., Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International, London and New York: Routledge, 1994.

9. Foucault, M., “Truth, Power, Self: An Interview” in Martin, L. H., Gutman H. and Hutton P. H. (eds), Technologies of the Self: A Seminar with Michel Foucault, Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press, 1988, p. 15.
10. ----------------, Foucault Live: Collected Interviews, 1961-1984, New York: Semiotext(e), 1996.
11. ----------------, Aesthetics, Method, and Epistemology: Essential Works of Foucault, 1954- 1984 - Volume 2, New York: The New York Press, 1998.
12. ----------------, The Order of Things, London and New York: Routledge, 2002a.
13. ----------------, The Archaeology of Knowledge, London and New York: Routledge, 2002b.
14. ----------------, “Felsefe Sahnesi, Seçme Yazılar 5, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları, 2004.
15. Franke, W, “The Death of God in Hegel and Nietzsche and the Crisis of Values in Secular Modernity and Post-secular Postmodernity” in Religion and the Arts, Vol.11, pp. 214-241, 2007.
16. Glassford, J., “Did Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) Plagiarise from Max Stirner (1806—56)?” in Journal of Nietzsche Studies, No. 18, pp. 73-79, 1999.
17. Han-Pile, B., “The “Death of Man”: Foucault and Anti-Humanism” in O'Leary, T. and Falzon, C. (eds) Foucault and Philosophy, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
18. Heidegger, M. (1977) The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays. New York; London: Harper & Row.
19. Hodgson, P., C. (1997) “Introduction”, Hegel, G. W. F., Theologian of the Spirit. Minneapolis: Fortress Press.
20. Huneker, J. G. (2011) “Max Stirner” in The Anarchist Library. [Online] Available at http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/james-g-huneker-max-stirner.pdf (Accessed 24 March 2013)
21. Jüngel, E., God as the Mystery of the World, Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1983. Keiji, N., The Self-Overcoming of Nihilism, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.
22. Kelly, M. G. E., The Political Philosophy of Michel Foucault, 1st ed. New York: Routledge, 2009.
23. Kinna, R., “Anarchism” in Bevir, M. (eds), Encyclopaedia of Political Theory, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC: SAGE Publications, 2010.
24. Koch, A. (1997) “Max Stirner: The Last Hegelian or the First Poststructuralist?” in Anarchist Studies, 5, pp. 95- 107.
25. Löwith, K., From Hegel to Nietzsche: The Revolution in Nineteenth-Century Thought, Columbia: Columbia University Press, 1964.
26. Mackay, J. H., Max Stirner: His Life and His Work, California: Booksurge Publishing. 2005. McLellan, D., The Young Hegelians and Karl Marx. London: Macmillan, 1969.
27. Mitchell, D. R., Heidegger's Philosophy and Theories of the Self. Wiltshire: Ashgate, 2001.
28. Murthy, V., “Chinese Revolutionary Thought” in Bevir, M. (eds), Encyclopaedia of Political Theory, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC: SAGE Publications, 2010.
29. Newman, S., From Bakunin to Lacan: Anti-authoritarianism and the Dislocation of Power. Lanham: Lexington Books, 2001.
30. ---------------, “Politics of the Ego: Stirner's Critique of Liberalism” in Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, Vol. 5, Issue: 3, pp. 1-26, 2002.
31. ---------------, “Stirner and Foucault: Towards a Post-Kantian Freedom”, in Postmodern Culture, Vol. 13/2, 2003.
32. ---------------, “Introduction: Re-encountering Stirner’s Ghosts” in Newman, S. (eds) Max Stirner. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2011.
33. Nietzsche, F., The Will to Power. New York: Vintage Books, 1968.
34. ----------------, Thus Spoke Zarathustra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ----------------, Ecce Homo. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
35. ----------------, Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, Arlington: Richer Resources Publications, 2009.
36. Power, N., “Subject” in Bevir, M. (eds), Encyclopaedia of Political Theory, Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore and Washington DC: SAGE Publications, 2010.
37. Stepelevich, L. S., “The Revival of Max Stirner” in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 323-328, 1974.
38. ---------------------, “Max Stirner as Hegelian” in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 597-614, 1985.
39. Stirner, M., The Ego and Its Own. London: Rebel Press, 1993.
40. Zeitlin, I. M., Nietzsche: A Re-Examination. Oxford: Polity Press, 1994