KONUMLANMIŞ BİLGİNİN NESNELLİĞİNİ METAFORİK KAVRAMLAR ARACILIĞIYLA DÜŞÜNMEK

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 36, 369 - 394, 27.11.2023

Ayşe Uslu

https://doi.org/10.53844/flsf.1349059

Öz

Bu çalışmada, tarafsızlık ve nötr olmak anlamına gelen, bütünselleştirici geleneksel nesnellik, bedensel perspektifi ve bilginin konumluluğunu reddetmesi bakımından eleştirilmiş ve bunun yerine Donna Haraway tarafından önerilen konumlu bilginin nesnelliği, kavram sistemlerinin metaforik doğasına dayandırılarak açıklanmıştır. Bu amaçla, birinci bölümde, bütünselleştirici nesnellik miti ele alınmış, Thomas Nagel’in nesnelliğe ulaşma sürecini anlatan üç aşamalı formülü örnek çerçeve olarak kullanılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, George Lakoff ve Mark Johnson’ın kavramsal metaforlar görüşü, bedenlenmiş, konumlu bir nesnellik olanağını sunması bakımından önerilmiştir. Bu amaçla, imge-şemaları aracılığıyla kavramsal sistemlerin nasıl oluştuğu, bu oluşum sürecinin beyinde nasıl gerçekleştiği, dile nasıl yansıdığı örneklerle desteklenerek gösterilmiştir. Son bölümde, Haraway’in konumlu nesnellik görüşü tanıtılarak, kavramsal metafor fikriyle ilişkisi kurulmuştur. Buna göre, kavramsal metaforlar, anlamı doğuran kavramsal sistemlerin bedenin perspektifinden yoksun bir nesnellikle değil, bedenin konumlanmışlığı bağlamında kurulduğunu ve bilme pratiklerinin de bu bağlamın ürünü olan bir nesnellik içerdiğini gösterirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bütünselleştirici nesnellik, konumlu bilgi, kavramsal metaforlar, imge şemaları, bedenlenmiş anlam, bedenlenmiş anlam

CONCERNING THE QUESTION OF OBJECTIVITY OF SITUATED KNOWLEDGE THROUGH METAPHORICAL CONCEPTS

Öz

In this paper, the traditional totalizing view of objectivity in the sense of being neutral and impartial is criticized with respect to its rejection of situatedness of knowledge coined by Donna Haraway. Objectivity of situated knowledge is explained by appealing to metaphorical nature of conceptual systems. For this aim, in the first part of the paper, the myth of totalizing objectivity is examined by using Thomas Nagel’s three-stage formula of the process of getting into objectivity. In the second part of the paper, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s view of conceptual metaphors is suggested as a possible embodied and situated objectivity. For this aim, how conceptual systems are constituted by image-schemes, how this process is realized in the brain, and its effects on language use are shown by examples. In the last part, Donna Haraway’s view of situated knowledge is introduced and linked to conceptual metaphors. Conceptual metaphors show that conceptual systems that give rise to meaning are constituted by situatedness of the body rather than objectivity without bodily perspective, and knowing relies on objectivity stems from this bodily context.

Anahtar Kelimeler

totalizing objectivity, situated knowledge, conceptual metaphors, image-schemes, embodied meaning

Kaynakça

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• İnternet Kaynakları
• Shapiro, Lawrence and Shannon Spaulding, "Embodied Cognition", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2021 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), 1 Kasım 2022 tarihinde erişildi, <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/embodied cognition/>.