Diyetle Alınan Fruktozun Kronik Hastalıkların Gelişmesinde ve Prognozunda Etkisi Var mıdır?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1, 63 - 78, 01.02.2019

Armağan Aytuğ Yürük Reyhan Nergiz Ünal

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/FNJN346677

Diyetteki fruktozun kaynakları bal, meyve
ve sükrozun yanı sıra yüksek fruktozlu nişasta bazlı şeker ile tatlandırılmış
çeşitli yiyecek ve içeceklerdir. Fruktoz; diyetle alınan toplam enerji miktarı
ile lipogenezi arttırarak obeziteye yol açabilmektedir. Alım dozu, süresi ve
fruktozun kaynağına bağlı olarak, alınan fruktozun çoğu metabolize edilerek de
novo lipit sentezine katılabilmektedir. Kan glikoz ve insülin seviyelerini
etkileyerek insülin direnci oluşumu, non-alkolik karaciğer yağlanması ve böbrek
hastalıkları riskini de arttırabilmektedir. Ayrıca yüksek fruktoz tüketimi
organizmadaki inflamatuar süreçleri başlatabilmektedir. Öte yandan tipik batı
tarzı diyette yüksek fruktozla birlikte yüksek yağlı veya tuzlu beslenme
fruktozun kronik hastalıklar üzerindeki bu olası etkilerini arttırabilmektedir.
Sonuç olarak klinik çalışmalarla tam olarak desteklenmemiş olsa da deneysel çalışmaların
sonuçlarına göre yüksek miktarda fruktoz alımının kronik hastalık riskini arttırabileceği
düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca tipik batı tarzı yüksek yağlı, şekerli ve tuzlu diyetle
birlikte fazla miktarda fruktoz tüketiminin obezite, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar
gibi kronik hastalıkların riskini arttırabileceği ve metabolik sendrom
parametrelerini daha fazla kötüleştirebileceği unutulmamalıdır. Ancak sentetik
fruktoz, yüksek miktarda alındığında bazı olumsuz metabolik etkilere neden
olabilse de kaynağı meyve ya da bal olan fruktozun yüksek miktarda tüketiminde
bu olumsuz etkiler görülmemekte ya da tüketim miktarına bağlı olarak daha az
oluşabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diyabet, fruktoz, kanser, kardiyo-vasküler hastalıklar, obezite

Is There an Effect of Dietary Fructose on Development and Prognosis of Chronic Diseases?

Öz

DOI: 10.26650/FNJN346677

Dietary sources of fructose are not only
honey, fruit, sucrose, but also high fructose corn syrup in various foods and
beverages. Total amount of daily fructose intake is rising by especially
increasing use of high fructose corn syrup in the food industry. Fructose can
lead to obesity by contributing to high-energy intake and lipogenesis in the
body. Depending on the source of fructose, dose and duration, it was involved
in de-novo lipid synthesis. Fructose may increase the risk of insulin
resistance, non-alcoholic fatty liver and kidney diseases by affecting blood
glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, fructose may initiate
inflammatory processes in the organism. In addition to these, fat or salt
consisting typical western type diet with high fructose consumption, can
increase the potential effect of fructose on chronic diseases. As a result,
although it is not fully supported by clinical studies, it is thought that high
amounts of fructose intake may increase the risk of chronic disease shown by
experimental studies. Also it should be noted that beside high fructose,
typical western-style high-fat and high-salt diet may increase the risk of
chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and worsen metabolic
syndrome parameters. Furthermore, synthetic fructose, is able to cause some
adverse metabolic effects when taken in large amounts; consumption of high
amounts of fructose by fruit or honey these negative effects can be either not
seen or less observed based on the amount.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diabetes, fructose, cancer, cardio-vascular diseases, obesity

Kaynakça

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