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KARAÇAY-BALKARLILARIN FOLKLORUNDA TENGRİ (TEYRİ) KÜLTÜ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 359 - 374, 28.12.2018

Öz

Bu makale Karaçay-Balkarlıların pagan dönemlerinin
yüce tanrısı Teyri (Tengri)’ye adanmıştır. Karaçay ve Balkarların
dini-mitolojik sistemi, üç panteon pagan tanrıya sahiptir: Türk, Alanian ve
Kafkas. Bütün bu tanrıların Yüce Tanrısı'nın Teyri - Tengri olduğu genellikle
kabul edilir. Karaçay ve Balkar'ın pagan Türk panteonuna ait tanrıların ortak
adı Teyri (Tengri) iken, her bir Teyri'nin (Tengri) işlevleri kesinlikle birbirinden
ayrılabilir: Gökyüzü Teyri, Yeryüzü Teyri, Güneş Teyri, Su Teyri, vb. Birçok
Türk ve Moğol halkı gibi, eski Balkarlar ve Karaçaylılar da “bütün tanrıların
tanrısı” Teyri'ye özel dualar ederlerdi. Bu İlahi ve dualar, onun şerefine
söylenen şarkılar  bu gizemlerin ana
bileşeniydi. Bu şarkıların tuhaflığı, sözcüğün sihirli gücüne olan eskilerin
inancına bağlı olarak geniş bir hiperbol kullanımıyla gerçek olarak uygulanan
büyülerdir.

Kaynakça

  • Adıgi, balkartsı i karachaevtsı v izvestijаh evropeiskih avtorov [Adygs, Balkars and Karachais in the news of European authors].(1974) Nal'chik, 1974, 636 р.
  • Azamatov, K. G. (1981) Perezhitki jаzychestva v verovanijаh balkarcev [Remnants of paganism in the beliefs of Balkarians].— Iz istorii feodal'noi Kabardino-Balkarii. Nal'chik, 1981, рр. 43-161.
  • Balkanskii T. ,Hashhozhev Ye. (1984), K voprosu o protobolgarskom Tagra (Tangra, Tengri) [To the question of Proto-Bulgarian Tagre (Tangra, Tengri)] // Bolgarskajаyеtnografijа. Sofijа, 1984, kn. 3.
  • Gumilev L. N. (1967) Drevnie tyurki [Ancient Türks ]. M., 1967, 247 р.
  • Ivanenkov N. S.(1912) Karachaevcy [The Karachais]. // IOLIKO. Ekaterinodar, 1912, vyp. 5.
  • Istorijа avgan Moisejа Kagankatvaci, pisateljа X v. [The story of Augan Moisei Kagankatvatsi] (1861). SPb., 1861, рр. 25-91.
  • KBF. Karachaevo-balkarskii fol'klor [Karachay-Balkar folklore ] (1996). Hrestomatijа. Sost., vstup. st., komm. T. M. Hadzhievoi. Nal'chik, 1996, 592 р.
  • Kljаshtornyi S. G. (1977) Mifologicheskie syuzhety v drevnetyurkskih Pamjаtnikah [Mythological stories in ancient Türkic monuments]. /Tyurkologicheskii sbornik. 1977. M., 1981. рр. 117-138.
  • Lavrov L.I. (1939) Iz poezdki v Balkariyu[ From a trip to Balkaria] //SYe.1939, №2,рр.175-181.
  • Lavrov L. I.(1969) Karachai i Balkarijа do 30-h godov XIX v. [Karachay and Balkaria until the 30s of the XIX century] // Kavkazskii yеtnograficheskii sbornik. M.,1969, t. 4, рр.63-73.
  • Laipanov X. O. (1957) K istorii karachaevcev i balkartsev [To the history of Karachais and Balkarians ]. CHerkessk, 1957,
  • Malkonduev X. X. (1986) Otgoloski tengrianstva v karachaevo-balkarskom fol'klore [ Echoes of Tengrianism in Karachai-Balkarian folklore] // Tezisy Vsesoyuznoi sessii po itogam polevyh yеtnograficheskih issledovanii 1980—1981 gt. Tash., 1986, рр. 153-155.
  • Nartı. (1994) Geroicheskii yеpos balkarcev i karachaevcev [ The Narts. The heroic epic of Balkarians and Karachais]. Sost.: R.A.-K. Ortabaeva, T.M. Hadzhieva, A.Z. Holaev. Vstup. st., komment. i glossarii, T.M. Hadzhievoi. Otvet.red. A.I.Alieva. M. 1994, 655 р.
  • Neklyudov, S.YU. (1981) Mifologijа tyurkskih i mongol'skih narodov [Mythology of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples ] (Problemy vzaimosvyazej) // Tyurkologicheskij sbornik 1977. M., 1981, рр. 183-202.
  • Rogal'-Levskii Dm. (1928) Pesennoe tvorchestvo karachaevcev [ Karachay people's song] // SI. M., 1928, № 73, р.58-65.
  • Stebleva I. V. (1972) K rekonstrukcii drevnetyurkskoi religiozno-mifologicheskoi sistemy [To the reconstruction of the ancient Turkic religious-mythological system] // Tyurkologicheskii sbornik. 1972. M.,1973, рр.213-226.
  • Shamanov I. M. (1982) Drevnetyurkskoe verhovnoe bozhestvo Tengri (Teiri) v Karachae i Balkarii [The ancient Turkic supreme deity Tengri (Teiri) in \ Karachay and Balkaria] // Problemy arheologii i yеtnografii Karachaevo- Cherkesii. Cherkessk, 1982, 155-170.
  • Urusbieva F. A. (2001) İzbrannıye trudı: oçerki, esse, stati. Nalçik: Elbrus, 2001. 176 s

КУЛЬТ ТЕНГРИ (ТЕЙРИ) В ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ КАРАЧАЕВЦЕВ И БАЛКАРЦЕВ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 359 - 374, 28.12.2018

Öz

Статья
посвящена верховному  божеству   карачаево-балкарского  языческого 
пантеона Тейри (Тенгри ). Религиозно-мифологической системе карачаевцев
и балкарцев  присущи три  пантеона языческих божеств: тюркский,
аланский и кавказский. Общепризнанно, что Верховным Богом  всех этих божеств   является 
Тейри – Тенгри.  Божества,
входящие в языческий тюркский  пантеон  карачаевцев и балкарцев   имеют общее наименование  «Тейри» 
(Тенгри),  при этом функции
каждого Тейри (Тенгри) строго дифференцируемы:
Тейри неба, Тейри земли, Тейри  Солнца, Тейри  Воды и т.д. 
Как и многие тюркские  и
монгольские народы, древние балкарцы и кара­чаевцы устраивали специальные
моления «божеству всех божеств» Тейри.
Гимнические молитвы-песнопения в его честь были главной
составной частью
этих мистерий. Особенность данных песен – заклинание желаемого как
действительного с широким использованием гиперболы, что обусловлено
верой древних  в
магическую силу слова.

Kaynakça

  • Adıgi, balkartsı i karachaevtsı v izvestijаh evropeiskih avtorov [Adygs, Balkars and Karachais in the news of European authors].(1974) Nal'chik, 1974, 636 р.
  • Azamatov, K. G. (1981) Perezhitki jаzychestva v verovanijаh balkarcev [Remnants of paganism in the beliefs of Balkarians].— Iz istorii feodal'noi Kabardino-Balkarii. Nal'chik, 1981, рр. 43-161.
  • Balkanskii T. ,Hashhozhev Ye. (1984), K voprosu o protobolgarskom Tagra (Tangra, Tengri) [To the question of Proto-Bulgarian Tagre (Tangra, Tengri)] // Bolgarskajаyеtnografijа. Sofijа, 1984, kn. 3.
  • Gumilev L. N. (1967) Drevnie tyurki [Ancient Türks ]. M., 1967, 247 р.
  • Ivanenkov N. S.(1912) Karachaevcy [The Karachais]. // IOLIKO. Ekaterinodar, 1912, vyp. 5.
  • Istorijа avgan Moisejа Kagankatvaci, pisateljа X v. [The story of Augan Moisei Kagankatvatsi] (1861). SPb., 1861, рр. 25-91.
  • KBF. Karachaevo-balkarskii fol'klor [Karachay-Balkar folklore ] (1996). Hrestomatijа. Sost., vstup. st., komm. T. M. Hadzhievoi. Nal'chik, 1996, 592 р.
  • Kljаshtornyi S. G. (1977) Mifologicheskie syuzhety v drevnetyurkskih Pamjаtnikah [Mythological stories in ancient Türkic monuments]. /Tyurkologicheskii sbornik. 1977. M., 1981. рр. 117-138.
  • Lavrov L.I. (1939) Iz poezdki v Balkariyu[ From a trip to Balkaria] //SYe.1939, №2,рр.175-181.
  • Lavrov L. I.(1969) Karachai i Balkarijа do 30-h godov XIX v. [Karachay and Balkaria until the 30s of the XIX century] // Kavkazskii yеtnograficheskii sbornik. M.,1969, t. 4, рр.63-73.
  • Laipanov X. O. (1957) K istorii karachaevcev i balkartsev [To the history of Karachais and Balkarians ]. CHerkessk, 1957,
  • Malkonduev X. X. (1986) Otgoloski tengrianstva v karachaevo-balkarskom fol'klore [ Echoes of Tengrianism in Karachai-Balkarian folklore] // Tezisy Vsesoyuznoi sessii po itogam polevyh yеtnograficheskih issledovanii 1980—1981 gt. Tash., 1986, рр. 153-155.
  • Nartı. (1994) Geroicheskii yеpos balkarcev i karachaevcev [ The Narts. The heroic epic of Balkarians and Karachais]. Sost.: R.A.-K. Ortabaeva, T.M. Hadzhieva, A.Z. Holaev. Vstup. st., komment. i glossarii, T.M. Hadzhievoi. Otvet.red. A.I.Alieva. M. 1994, 655 р.
  • Neklyudov, S.YU. (1981) Mifologijа tyurkskih i mongol'skih narodov [Mythology of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples ] (Problemy vzaimosvyazej) // Tyurkologicheskij sbornik 1977. M., 1981, рр. 183-202.
  • Rogal'-Levskii Dm. (1928) Pesennoe tvorchestvo karachaevcev [ Karachay people's song] // SI. M., 1928, № 73, р.58-65.
  • Stebleva I. V. (1972) K rekonstrukcii drevnetyurkskoi religiozno-mifologicheskoi sistemy [To the reconstruction of the ancient Turkic religious-mythological system] // Tyurkologicheskii sbornik. 1972. M.,1973, рр.213-226.
  • Shamanov I. M. (1982) Drevnetyurkskoe verhovnoe bozhestvo Tengri (Teiri) v Karachae i Balkarii [The ancient Turkic supreme deity Tengri (Teiri) in \ Karachay and Balkaria] // Problemy arheologii i yеtnografii Karachaevo- Cherkesii. Cherkessk, 1982, 155-170.
  • Urusbieva F. A. (2001) İzbrannıye trudı: oçerki, esse, stati. Nalçik: Elbrus, 2001. 176 s

CULT OF TENGRI (TEYRI) IN THE FOLKLORE OF KARACHAYS AND BALKARIANS

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3, 359 - 374, 28.12.2018

Öz

The
article is devoted to the supreme deity of Karachay-Balkar pagan pagan Teiri
(Tengri). Three pantheons of pagan deities are inherent in the
religious-mythological system of these peoples: the Turkic, the Alan and the
Caucasian. It is universally recognized that the Supreme God of all these
deities is the Teyri-Tengri. The deities of the pagan Turkic pantheon of
Karachais and Balkarians have the common name "Teiri" (Tengri), and
the functions of each Teiri (Tengri) are strictly differentiated: Teiri of the
sky, Teiri of the earth, Teiri of the Sun, Teiri of Water,
etc.    Like many Turkic peoples, ancient Balkarians and
Karachaevtsi held special prayers for the "deity of all deities" of
Teiri. Hymnic prayer-chants in his honor were the main part of these mysteries.
The peculiarity of these songs is the spell of the desired as actual with the
extensive use of hyperbole, which is due to the belief of the ancients in the magical
power of the word.

Kaynakça

  • Adıgi, balkartsı i karachaevtsı v izvestijаh evropeiskih avtorov [Adygs, Balkars and Karachais in the news of European authors].(1974) Nal'chik, 1974, 636 р.
  • Azamatov, K. G. (1981) Perezhitki jаzychestva v verovanijаh balkarcev [Remnants of paganism in the beliefs of Balkarians].— Iz istorii feodal'noi Kabardino-Balkarii. Nal'chik, 1981, рр. 43-161.
  • Balkanskii T. ,Hashhozhev Ye. (1984), K voprosu o protobolgarskom Tagra (Tangra, Tengri) [To the question of Proto-Bulgarian Tagre (Tangra, Tengri)] // Bolgarskajаyеtnografijа. Sofijа, 1984, kn. 3.
  • Gumilev L. N. (1967) Drevnie tyurki [Ancient Türks ]. M., 1967, 247 р.
  • Ivanenkov N. S.(1912) Karachaevcy [The Karachais]. // IOLIKO. Ekaterinodar, 1912, vyp. 5.
  • Istorijа avgan Moisejа Kagankatvaci, pisateljа X v. [The story of Augan Moisei Kagankatvatsi] (1861). SPb., 1861, рр. 25-91.
  • KBF. Karachaevo-balkarskii fol'klor [Karachay-Balkar folklore ] (1996). Hrestomatijа. Sost., vstup. st., komm. T. M. Hadzhievoi. Nal'chik, 1996, 592 р.
  • Kljаshtornyi S. G. (1977) Mifologicheskie syuzhety v drevnetyurkskih Pamjаtnikah [Mythological stories in ancient Türkic monuments]. /Tyurkologicheskii sbornik. 1977. M., 1981. рр. 117-138.
  • Lavrov L.I. (1939) Iz poezdki v Balkariyu[ From a trip to Balkaria] //SYe.1939, №2,рр.175-181.
  • Lavrov L. I.(1969) Karachai i Balkarijа do 30-h godov XIX v. [Karachay and Balkaria until the 30s of the XIX century] // Kavkazskii yеtnograficheskii sbornik. M.,1969, t. 4, рр.63-73.
  • Laipanov X. O. (1957) K istorii karachaevcev i balkartsev [To the history of Karachais and Balkarians ]. CHerkessk, 1957,
  • Malkonduev X. X. (1986) Otgoloski tengrianstva v karachaevo-balkarskom fol'klore [ Echoes of Tengrianism in Karachai-Balkarian folklore] // Tezisy Vsesoyuznoi sessii po itogam polevyh yеtnograficheskih issledovanii 1980—1981 gt. Tash., 1986, рр. 153-155.
  • Nartı. (1994) Geroicheskii yеpos balkarcev i karachaevcev [ The Narts. The heroic epic of Balkarians and Karachais]. Sost.: R.A.-K. Ortabaeva, T.M. Hadzhieva, A.Z. Holaev. Vstup. st., komment. i glossarii, T.M. Hadzhievoi. Otvet.red. A.I.Alieva. M. 1994, 655 р.
  • Neklyudov, S.YU. (1981) Mifologijа tyurkskih i mongol'skih narodov [Mythology of the Turkic and Mongolian peoples ] (Problemy vzaimosvyazej) // Tyurkologicheskij sbornik 1977. M., 1981, рр. 183-202.
  • Rogal'-Levskii Dm. (1928) Pesennoe tvorchestvo karachaevcev [ Karachay people's song] // SI. M., 1928, № 73, р.58-65.
  • Stebleva I. V. (1972) K rekonstrukcii drevnetyurkskoi religiozno-mifologicheskoi sistemy [To the reconstruction of the ancient Turkic religious-mythological system] // Tyurkologicheskii sbornik. 1972. M.,1973, рр.213-226.
  • Shamanov I. M. (1982) Drevnetyurkskoe verhovnoe bozhestvo Tengri (Teiri) v Karachae i Balkarii [The ancient Turkic supreme deity Tengri (Teiri) in \ Karachay and Balkaria] // Problemy arheologii i yеtnografii Karachaevo- Cherkesii. Cherkessk, 1982, 155-170.
  • Urusbieva F. A. (2001) İzbrannıye trudı: oçerki, esse, stati. Nalçik: Elbrus, 2001. 176 s
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Rusça
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tanzilya Khadzhieva

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Khadzhieva, T. (2018). КУЛЬТ ТЕНГРИ (ТЕЙРИ) В ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ КАРАЧАЕВЦЕВ И БАЛКАРЦЕВ. Folklor Akademi Dergisi, 1(3), 359-374.