Göreceli Yoksunluk, Eşitsizlik ve Büyüme Üzerine Bir Modelleme

Öz

Bu makale, eşitsizliğin büyüme üzerindeki etkileriyle ilgili eski tartışmayı, büyüme modellerini sosyal ödüllerin rolüne ait nispeten yeni bulgular ve özellikle “Göreceli-Yoksunluk” (GY) kavramı ile genişleterek araştırmak için bir girişimdir. Çevresine kıyasla yoksunlaşmanın yarattığı hoşnutsuzluğa bir tepki, insanları servet biriktirme gayretlerini arttırmaları (daha fazla tasarruf ya da daha çok çalışmayla) olabilir. Böyle bir ortamda nispeten yoksun olmanın sonucu olarak büyüme etkisi gözlemlenebilir. Makalenin amacı GY sonucu artan çalışma gayreti ve servet biriktirme arzusunun eşitsizlik arttıkça beraberinde yüksek büyüme getirebileceğini göstermektir. Bireylerin tüketimi sevip çalışmayı sevmediği klasik bir büyüme modelini, bireyin toplam servetinin bir fonksiyonu olarak ölçtüğümüz GY ölçütünü ekleyerek geliştiriyoruz. Bireylerin GY’a önem vermesi durumunda, emeğin fayda fonksiyonunda nasıl tepki verdiğine bağlı olarak eşitsizliğin büyüme arttırıcı ya da azaltıcı etkisi olabileceğini gösteriyoruz. Eşitsizliğin hangi koşullar altında yüksek veya düşük büyümeye dönüştüğünü ve GY endişesinin servet birikimini nasıl etkilediğini inceliyoruz. Model sonuçlarına göre büyüme ile servet eşitsizliği arasındaki ilişki belirsizliğini korumaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eşitsizlik, büyüme, sosyal statü, göreceli yoksunluk

A Model on Relative Deprivation, Inequality and Growth

Öz

We attempt to investigate the old debate of the effects of inequality on growth by extending the early growth models with the relatively new findings on the role of social rewards, particularly the concept of “relative deprivation” (hereafter RD). One response for the discontent of falling behind others might be for people to increase their effort to accumulate wealth (to save or to work harder). In such a setting, we might observe a growth effect. Our motive is to show that increased effort to work and accumulate wealth as result of RD can lead to higher growth as inequality increases. We extend a classical growth model where individuals like consumption and dislike work by including a concern for RD measured as a function of individual’s total wealth. We show that when individuals are concerned for RD, inequality can either be growth enhancing or growth reducing depending how the utility function responds to the disutility from labor. We analyze the conditions under which inequality translates to higher or lower growth and how the concern for RD affects wealth accumulation. According to the findings, the ambiguous relationship between inequality and growth persists.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nequality, growth, social status, relative deprivation

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