USA-China Hegemonic Rivalry: Shale Gas Revolution, Renewable Energy and Rare Earth Elements

Öz

Following Global Financial Crises in 2008 hegemonic descent of USA and China’s hegemonic rise has become apparent. Trade wars between both states has been remarkable. In this hegemonic rivalry, gaining control over the key technologies in the Fourth Industrial Revolution will be decisive. In this paper, hegemony concept will be borrowed from World Systems Theory perspective. In this respect, the hegemonic rivalry between USA and China will be discussed in the basis of energy security which is in fact seen as a national security problem. Therefore, this paper will analyze effects of Shale Gas Revolution, which has brought USA into a game changer position in international energy markets, increasing rivalry in developing renewable energy technologies, which are supposed to be key for the future and China’s almost monopolistic market power in rare earths which are crucial in high tech industrial production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• USA-China
• Hegemony
• Energy Security
• Renewable Energy
• Shale Gas Revolution
• Rare Earth Elements
• World Systems Theory
• International Energy Policies

ABD-Çin Hegemonya Mücadelesi: Kaya Gazı Devrimi, Yenilenebilir Enerji ve Nadir Elementler

Öz

2008 Küresel Finansal Krizi sonrasında ABD’nin hegemonyasının düşüşe geçtiği konuşulurken Çin’in de hegemon olma yolunda yükselişe geçtiği fark edilmeye başlanmıştır. Çin-ABD arasındaki hegemonik rekabet ticaret savaşlarıyla giderek görünür hale gelmiştir. Bu hegemonya mücadelesinde kuşkusuz 4. Sanayi Devrimi’nin teknolojilerine ve bu teknolojilerde kullanılan stratejik girdilere kimin hâkim olduğu belirleyici olacaktır. Çalışmada Dünya Sistemi Teorisi bakış açısıyla hegemonya kavramı ele alınacak ve bu çerçevede, ABD ve Çin’in hegemonya mücadeleleri, bir ulusal güvenlik meselesi olarak görülmeye başlanmış olan enerji güvenliği temelinde analiz edilecektir. İki ülke arasındaki hegemonik rekabet ABD’nin uluslararası enerji piyasalarında fiyat belirleyici konuma gelmesini sağlayan Kaya Gazı Devrimi’nin etkileri, geleceğin enerjisi olarak görülen yenilebilir enerji teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi alanında artan rekabet ve yüksek teknoloji ürünlerinde kilit rol oynayan nadir elementlerde Çin’in geldiği tekele yakın konum ekseninde değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ABD-Çin
• Hegemonya
• Enerji Güvenliği
• Yenilenebilir Enerji
• Kaya Gazı Devrimi
• Nadir Elementler
• Dünya Sistemi Teorisi
• Uluslararası Enerji Politikaları

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