Avrupa Birliği ve ASEAN Çerçevesinde Ekonomik Entegrasyonların Türkiye’nin Teknoloji Transferine Etkisi

Öz

Ülkeler açısından ekonomik entegrasyonlar, pazar ve piyasa bütünleşmesine, milli gelirin artışına, ekonomik kutuplaşmalardan korunmasına ve teknolojik yayılıma imkân sağlamasından dolayı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ülkeler açısından önemli bir diğer konu ise teknolojik dönüşümü sağlayarak teknoloji kapasitelerini yükseltmektir. Teknolojik kapasiteyi arttırmanın literatürde iki alternatifi bulunmaktadır. Birinci alternatif Ar-Ge faaliyetlerine yoğunlaşarak kendi teknoloji üretimini sağlamak, ikincisi ve en çok tercih edilen yöntem olarak teknolojiyi transfer etmektir. Bu nedenle günümüz uluslararası rekabet ortamında ülkeler açısından önemli olan ekonomik entegrasyon ve teknolojik dönüşüm arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiden, ekonomik entegrasyonların teknoloji transferine olan etkisinin tespit edilmesi araştırma konusu olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma konusu çerçevesinde Türkiye’nin entegrasyonlar yoluyla yapmış olduğu teknoloji transferine ve ülke içindeki yüksek teknoloji üretimine, AB ve ASEAN entegrasyonlarının etkilerinin incelenmesi çalışmamızın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın analiz kısmında 1996-2021 yıllarını kapsayan Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve ASEAN’a ait veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına uygun yöntem olarak Peseran, Shin ve Smith (2001) ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda Avrupa Birliği (AB) ve ASEAN açısından kısa ve uzun dönemde anlamlı ve pozitif sonuçların elde edilmiş ve ekonomik entegrasyonlar arasında AB’nin Türkiye’deki teknoloji kapasitesinin arttırılması noktasında katkısının daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca analizden çıkan bir başka sonuç da her iki entegrasyondan sağlanan doğrudan yabancı yatırımlarının (DYY) ve yüksek teknoloji ithalatının Türkiye’nin teknoloji seviyesine katkı yaptığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Küreselleşme
• Entegrasyon
• Ab
• Asean
• Teknoloji Transferi

The Effect of Economic Integrations in The European Union and ASEAN Framework on Turkey's Technology Transfer

Öz

For countries, economic integration is of great importance as it enables market and market integration, increase of national income, protection from economic polarization and technological diffusion. Another important issue for countries is to increase their technology capacities by providing technological transformation. There are two alternatives in the literature to increase technological capacity. The first alternative is to concentrate on R&D activities and to produce its own technology, and the second and most preferred method is to transfer technology. For this reason, determining the effect of economic integrations on technology transfer from the mutual relationship between economic integration and technological transformation, which is important for countries in today's international competitive environment, has been evaluated as a research topic. The aim of our study is to examine the effects of EU and ASEAN integrations on Turkey's technology transfer through integrations and high technology production within the country within the framework of the research subject. In the analysis part of the study, data from Turkey, European Union (EU) and ASEAN covering the years 1996-2021 were used. Peseran, Shin and Smith (2001) ARDL limit test approach was determined as the method suitable for the purpose of the study. As a result of the analysis, significant and positive results have been obtained in the short and long term for the European Union (EU) and ASEAN, and it has been determined that the EU has a greater contribution to increasing the technology capacity in Turkey among economic integrations. In addition, another result from the analysis is that foreign direct investments (FDI) and high technology imports from both integrations have contributed to the technology level of Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Globazation
• Integration
• Eu
• Asean
• Technology Transfer

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