Yenilenebilir Enerji Politikası Aktörlerinin Kamu Tercihi Teorisi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Yenilenebilir enerji politikalarının; sürdürülebilir kalkınmadan, karbon emisyonlarının azaltılmasına ve bu sayede iklim değişikliğinin önlenmesine, enerji güvenliğinden, enerji sektöründe ortaya çıkan dalgalanmaların önüne geçilmesine kadar pek çok çeşitli alandaki sorunlara çözüm olacağı düşünülmektedir. Anılan nedenlerle dünya genelinde son 20 yılda yenilenebilir enerji konusu yükselen bir eğilim izlemekte hem ülkeler hem uluslararası ve ulusüstü kuruluşlar nezdinde önemli bir kamu politikası gündemini oluşturmaktadır. Birçok ülke, yenilenebilir enerji üretimine yönelmek amacıyla bu alandaki yönetsel kapasitelerine göre az ya da çok miktarda politika üretme çabasına girmiştir. Bu kapsamda karbon emisyonunu azaltmaya yönelik olarak birçok hedef konulmuş ve yeşil enerji ve yeşil dönüşüm teşvik edilmeye başlanmıştır. Tüm bu politika önceliklerine ve yatırımlara rağmen dünyada toplam enerji üretimi içinde yenilenebilir enerji üretiminin payı sınırlı bir şekilde artmaktadır. Ülkelerin kurumsal, teknolojik, ekonomik ve coğrafi imkânlarının yanında dünya genelinde ortaya çıkan gelişme ve eğilimler yenilenebilir enerji üretim kapasitesine ve toplam enerji üretimi içinde yenilenebilir enerjinin payına olumlu veya olumsuz etki etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kamu tercihlerinin yenilenebilir enerji politikalarını nasıl etkilediği kamu tercihi teorisindeki aktör davranışları üzerinden açıklanmış ve yenilenebilir enerji üretim düzeyine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; karar alma sürecinde kişisel saikler ile hareket eden aktör davranışları nedeniyle yenilenebilir enerji için öngörülen artış hızına ulaşılamamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kamu politikaları
• yenilenebilir enerji
• kamu tercihleri teorisi

Assessment of Renewable Energy Policy Actors Within the Framework of Public Choice Theory

Öz

It is considered that renewable energy might be able to create a range of solutions for sustainable development, reducing carbon emissions and therefore preventing climate change, providing energy security, and avoiding price fluctuations in the energy sector. For these counting reasons, renewable energy has had an ascending trend for the last 20 years and has become a significant policy agenda at national, international, and supranational institutions around the world. According to their administrative capacities, many of the countries made efforts to create policies more or less in order to orient to renewable energy production. In this context, several goals are set to reduce carbon emissions, and green energy and green transformation are commenced to encourage. Notwithstanding these policy priorities and investments, the portion of renewable energy in world total energy production has limited progress. Besides the institutional, technological, economic, and geographical possibilities, developments and tendencies around the world have an influence on this progress positively or negatively. In this study, the impact of public choices on renewable energy policies is explained through actor behaviors who are seeking to maximize their interests in public choice theory and its effect on renewable energy production is evaluated. Consequently, despite actor behaviors who are acting for their self-motives during the decision-making process, the anticipated growth rate for renewable energy cannot be reached.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Public policy
• renewable energy
• public choice theory

Kaynakça

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