Yeşil Ekonomi İçin Yönlendirilmiş Teknolojik Değişme: İnovasyon ve Teknoloji Yayılımlarının Rolü

Öz

Bu çalışma, sektörler arası teknoloji yayılımlarına vurgu yaparak, çevresel bağlamdaki yönlendirilmiş teknik değişim modellerini teorik ve ampirik yönden incelemektedir. Teknolojik değişimin yönünün üretim faktörleri arasında tekdüze olmadığı ve tarafsız ilerlemediği bilinmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, (i) ampirik literatürün modelin teorik içgörüleriyle uyumlu olup olmadığını değerlendirmektir. Ayrıca düşük karbonlu bir ekonomiye geçiş sürecinde sektörler arası teknoloji yayılımlarının, göreli verimlilik seviyelerindeki değişiklikler yoluyla inovasyonların yönünü etkileyip etkilemediği araştırılmaktadır. İncelememiz, ampirik literatürün çoğunlukla enerji türleri, maliyet ve verimlilik ölçümleri üzerine araştırmalarla genişlediğini ve temiz teknolojilerdeki yönlendirilmiş inovasyonların çevre politikasına duyarlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Sınırlı sayıda çalışmanın ise, yönlendirilmiş teknik değişim modellerinde teknolojik yayılımların önemli etkisini ortaya koyarak, temiz enerjinin ilerlemesine ve iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleye katkıda bulunduğunu ortaya konmuştur. Genel olarak, yeşil inovasyonu teşvik etmeyi amaçlayan sektörler arası teknoloji yayılımları ve çevre politikaları arasındaki etkileşim, iklim değişikliğiyle mücadele çabalarına önemli katkılar sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yönlendirilmiş Teknolojik Değişme
• Çevre Politikası
• Enerji
• İnovasyon
• Teknoloji Yayılımları

Directed Technical Change for Green Economy: The Role of Innovation and Technology Spillovers

Abstract

This paper reviews the models of directed technical change in the environmental context, both theoretically and empirically, with a specific emphasis on cross-sector technology spillovers. It is well-established that the direction of technological change is not uniform across production factors and does not progress neutrally. The objective is to assess whether empirical literature aligns with the theoretical insights of the model. Also, we aim to determine whether cross-sector technology spillovers impact the direction of innovations through changes in relative productivity levels during the transition process to a low-carbon economy. Our review suggests that the empirical literature is mainly expanding with research on energy types, cost, and efficiency measures and directed innovations in clean technologies are responsive to environmental policy. A limited number of studies reveal the significant impact of spillovers in directed technical change models, contributing to the advancement of clean energy and the fight against climate change. Overall, the interplay between cross-sector technology spillovers and environmental policies promoting green innovation may provide valuable insights into efforts to fight against climate change.

Keywords

• Directed Technical change
• Environmental Policy
• Energy
• Innovation
• Technology Spillovers

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