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Enflasyon Büyümenin Tetikleyicisi Mi Yoksa Ekonomik Yavaşlığın Habercisi Mi? Türkiye’nin 26 Alt-Bölgesi Üzerine Dinamik Eşik Modeli Analizi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 671 - 707, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1351453

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisinde bölgesel enflasyon eşiğinin bölgesel ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini 26 alt-bölge itibariyle 2004-2020 dönemi için dinamik eşik modeli analizini kullanarak açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Analiz bulguları, 26 alt-bölgenin 20’sinde eşik düzeye ulaşıncaya kadar bölgesel enflasyon oranlarındaki artışların bölgesel büyümeyi pozitif, ancak eşik değerin aşılmasından sonra ise negatif yönlü olarak etkilediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, 25 alt-bölgede kararlı durum gelir yakınsama sürecinin geçerli olduğunu gösteren analiz sonuçları, bölgesel enflasyon oranlarındaki artışların bölgesel ekonomik büyüme üzerinde istatistiki olarak anlamsız etkilere sahip olduğunu yansıtmıştır. İlaveten, istihdam artışlarının nispeten gelişmiş bölgelerde büyüme sürecini hızlandırdığı gözlenmiş, ancak azgelişmiş bölgelerde ise istatistiki bakımdan anlamsız etkilerin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Benzer bir sonuç dış ticaret bağlamında da ortaya çıkmış ve dış ticaretin bölgesel büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin oldukça sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar bir bütün olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Türkiye ekonomisinde gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan bölgeler arasında keskin bir ayrımın geçerli olduğu ve makroekonomik değişkenlerin bölgelerin ekonomik büyüme düzeyini sahip oldukları kalkınma seviyesine göre etkilediği söylenebilir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, I. & Koç, S. Ö. (2008). Türkiye’de Enflasyon ve Büyüme Arasındaki Ilişkide Enflasyonist Eşik Düzeyinin Tahmini. 9th Econometrics and Statistics Symposium. Kuşadası-İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Akgül, I. & Özdemir, S. (2012). Enflasyon Eşiği ve Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 27(313), 85-106.
  • Akıncı, M., Sevinç, H. & Yılmaz, Ö. (2018). A Switching Regression Analysis on the Validity of Rebound Effect and Energy Efficiency in Turkish Economy. E. Wirth, O. Şimşek & Ş. Apaydın (Eds), Economic and Management Issues in Retrospect and Prospect (193-208). London: IJOPEC Publication.
  • Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Aydın, C., Akıncı, M. & Yılmaz, Ö. (2016). Ekonomik Büyüme Dinamizmini Enflasyon Ne Zaman Engeller? Yükselen Ekonomiler Üzerine Bir Dinamik Panel Eşik Modeli. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 748-761.
  • Azam, M. & Khan, S. (2020). Threshold Effects in the Relationship Between Inflation and Economic Growth: Further Empirical Evidence from the Developed and Developing World. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 27(4), 4224-4243.
  • Bağlan, D. & Yoldaş, E. (2014). Non-Linearity in the Inflation-Growth Relationship in Developing Economies: Evidence from a Semiparametric Panel Model. Economics Letters, 125(1), 93-96.
  • Barro, R. J. (1995). Inflation and Economic Growth. NBER Working Paper, No. 5326.
  • Bick, A. (2010). Threshold Effects of Inflation on Economic Growth in Developing Countries. Economics Letters, 108(2), 126-129.
  • Bruno, M. & Easterly, E. (1998). Inflation Crises and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 41, 3-26.
  • Caner, M. & Hansen, B. E. (2004). Instrumental Variable Estimation of a Threshold Model. Econometric Theory, 20(5), 813-843.
  • Christoffersen, P. & Doyle, P. (1998). From Inflation and to Growth: Eight Years of Transition. IMF Working Paper, WP/98/100.
  • de Carvalho, A. R., Ribeiro, R. S. M. & Marques, A. M. (2018). Economic Development and Inflation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. International Review of Applied Economics, 32(4), 546-565.
  • Drukker, D., Gomis-Porqueraz, P. & Hernandez-Erme, P. (2005). Threshold Effects in the Relationship between Inflation and Growth: A New Panel Data Approach. MPRA Working Paper, No. 38225.
  • Ekinci, R., Tüzün, O. & Ceylan, F. (2020). The Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth. Experiences of Some Inflation Targeting Countries. Financial Studies, 24(1), 6-20.
  • Espinoza, R., Leon, H. & Prasad, A. (2010). Estimating the Inflation-Growth Nexus: A Smooth Transition Model. IMF Working Paper, No. WP/10/76.
  • Fakhri, H. (2011). Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth in Azerbaijani Economy: Is There Any Threshold Effect?. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 1(1), 1-11.
  • Fischer, S. (1981). Relative Shocks, Relative Price Variability, and Inflation. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 381-441.
  • Fischer, S. (1993). The Role of Macroeconomic Factors in Growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3), 485-512.
  • Friedman, M. (1977). Nobel Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment. Journal of Political Economy, 85(3), 451-472.
  • Frimpong, J. M. & Oteng-Abayie, E. F. (2010). When Is Inflation Harmful? Estimating the Threshold Effect for Ghana. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 2(3), 232-239.
  • Güriş, S., Çağlayan, E. & Güriş, B. (2011). EViews ile Temel Ekonometri. İstanbul: DER Yayınları.
  • Ghosh, A. & Phillips, S. (1998). Inflation, Disinflation and Growth. IMF Working Paper, No. WP/98/68.
  • Gillman, M., Harris, M. N. & Matyas, L. (2004). Inflation and Growth: Explaining a Negative Effect. Empirical Economics, 29(1), 149-167.
  • Gokal, V. & Hanif, S. (2004). Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth. Reserve Bank of Fiji Working Paper, No. 2004/04.
  • Greene, W. H. (2003). Econometric Analysis (5th Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Gylfason, T. & Herbertsson, T. T. (2001). Does Inflation Matter for Growth?. Japan and the World Economy, 13, 405-428.
  • Hansen, B. E. (1999). Threshold Effects in Non-Dynamic Panels: Estimation, Testing, and Inference. Journal of Econometrics, 93(2), 345-368.
  • Hansen, B. E. (2000). Sample Splitting and Threshold Estimation. Econometrica, 68(3), 575-603.
  • Jones, L. E. & Manuelli, R. E. (1995). Growth and the Effects of Inflation. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 19(8), 1405-1428.
  • Kaya, V. & Yılmaz, Ö. (2006). Bölgesel Enflasyon Bölgesel Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Zaman Serisi ve Panel Veri Analizleri. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 21(247), 62-78.
  • Khan, M. S. & Senhadji, A. S. (2001). Threshold Effects in the Relationship between Inflation and Growth. IMF Staff Papers, 48(1), 1-21.
  • Kremer, S., Bick, A. & Nautz, S. (2013). Inflation and Growth: New Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Threshold Analysis. Empirical Economics, 44, 861-878.
  • Levine, R. & Renelt, D. (1992). A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions. The American Economic Review, 82(4), 942-963.
  • Levine, R. & Zervos, S. J. (1993). What We Have Learned About Policy and Growth from Cross-Country Regressions?. The American Economic Review, 83(2), 426-430.
  • Lopez-Villavicencio, A. & Mignon, V. (2011). On the Impact of Inflation on Output Growth: Does the Level of Inflation Matter?. Journal of Macroeconomics, 33, 455-464.
  • Mubarik, Y. A. (2005). Inflation and Growth: An Estimate of the Threshold Level of Inflation in Pakistan. SBP Working Paper Series, No. 08.
  • Munir, Q., Mansur, K. & Furuoka, F. (2009). Inflation and Economic Growth in Malaysia. Asean Economic Bulletin, 26(2), 180-193.
  • Ndoricimpa, A. (2017). Threshold Effects of Inflation on Economic Growth in Africa: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Threshold Regression. African Development Bank Group Working Paper Series, No. 249.
  • Omay, T. & Kan, E. Ö. (2010). Re-Examining the Threshold Effects in the Inflation-Growth Nexus with Cross-Sectionally Dependent Non-Linear Panel: Evidence from Six Industrialized Economies. Economic Modelling, 27, 996-1005.
  • Sarel, M. (1996). Nonlinear Effects of Inflation on Economic Growth. IMF Staff Papers, 43(1), 199-215.
  • Sekmen, T. & Topuz, S. G. (2019). Enflasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Eşik Değer Analizi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 255-270.
  • Sevinç, H. & Akıncı, M. (2015). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Bölgesel Enflasyonun Bölgesel Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Dost mu Yoksa Düşman nı?. 3. Uluslararası Bölgesel Kalkınma Konferansı, 15-16 Ekim 2015, Bingöl-Türkiye.
  • Sweidan, O. D. (2004). Does Inflation Harm Economic Growth in Jordan? An Econometric Analysis for the Period 1970-2000. International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 1(2), 41-66.
  • Terzi, H. (2004). Türkiye’de Enflasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi (1924-2002). Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 59-75.
  • Tobin, J. (1965). Money and Economic Growth. Econometrica, 33(4), 671-684.
  • Tung, L. T. & Thanh, P. T. (2015). Threshold in the Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in Vietnam. Asian Social Science, 11(10), 105-112.
  • Vaona, A. & Schiavo, S. (2007). Nonparametric and Semiparametric Evidence on the Long-Run Effects of Inflation on Growth. Economics Letters, 94, 452-458.
  • Vinayagathasan, T. (2013). Inflation and Economic Growth: A Dynamic Panel Threshold Analysis for Asian Economies. Journal of Asian Economics, 26, 31-41.
  • Yüce Akıncı, G. & Akıncı, M. (2016). Ters-U Hipotezi Bağlamında Ekonomik Büyüme, Finansal Kalkınma ve Gelir Eşitsizliği Mekanizmaları Üzerine. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 53(622), 61-78.

Is Inflation a Trigger of Growth or a Harbinger of Economic Slowness? A Dynamic Threshold Model Analysis on 26 Sub-Regions of Turkey

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: Özel Sayı, 671 - 707, 29.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1351453

Öz

This study aims to explain the effects of regional inflation thresholds on regional economic growth in 26 sub-regions (NUTS-2 level) in the Turkish economy by using dynamic threshold model analysis for the period 2004-2020. The findings of the analysis show that increases in regional inflation rates affect regional growth positively until reaching the threshold value, but negatively after exceeding the threshold value in 20 of 26 sub-regions. This result is in parallel with the findings frequently questioned in the literature in recent years and points out the phenomenon that is composed of the synthesis of the monetarist and the structural views. Besides, analysis findings showing that steady-state income convergence process is valid in 25 sub-regions reflect that increases in regional population ratios have statistically insignificant effects on regional economic growth. In addition, it has been observed that employment increases accelerate the growth processes of relatively developed regions, while statistically insignificant effects have been detected in underdeveloped regions. A similar result shows itself in terms of foreign trade data, and it is seen that the effect of foreign trade on regional growth is quite limited. When the results are evaluated as a whole, it can be mentioned that the distinction between developed and underdeveloped regions in the Turkish economy is sharp and that macroeconomic indicators affect the economic growth of the regions according to their development level.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Akgül, I. & Koç, S. Ö. (2008). Türkiye’de Enflasyon ve Büyüme Arasındaki Ilişkide Enflasyonist Eşik Düzeyinin Tahmini. 9th Econometrics and Statistics Symposium. Kuşadası-İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Akgül, I. & Özdemir, S. (2012). Enflasyon Eşiği ve Ekonomik Büyümeye Etkisi. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 27(313), 85-106.
  • Akıncı, M., Sevinç, H. & Yılmaz, Ö. (2018). A Switching Regression Analysis on the Validity of Rebound Effect and Energy Efficiency in Turkish Economy. E. Wirth, O. Şimşek & Ş. Apaydın (Eds), Economic and Management Issues in Retrospect and Prospect (193-208). London: IJOPEC Publication.
  • Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995). Another Look at the Instrumental Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models. Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-51.
  • Aydın, C., Akıncı, M. & Yılmaz, Ö. (2016). Ekonomik Büyüme Dinamizmini Enflasyon Ne Zaman Engeller? Yükselen Ekonomiler Üzerine Bir Dinamik Panel Eşik Modeli. Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 748-761.
  • Azam, M. & Khan, S. (2020). Threshold Effects in the Relationship Between Inflation and Economic Growth: Further Empirical Evidence from the Developed and Developing World. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 27(4), 4224-4243.
  • Bağlan, D. & Yoldaş, E. (2014). Non-Linearity in the Inflation-Growth Relationship in Developing Economies: Evidence from a Semiparametric Panel Model. Economics Letters, 125(1), 93-96.
  • Barro, R. J. (1995). Inflation and Economic Growth. NBER Working Paper, No. 5326.
  • Bick, A. (2010). Threshold Effects of Inflation on Economic Growth in Developing Countries. Economics Letters, 108(2), 126-129.
  • Bruno, M. & Easterly, E. (1998). Inflation Crises and Long-Run Growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 41, 3-26.
  • Caner, M. & Hansen, B. E. (2004). Instrumental Variable Estimation of a Threshold Model. Econometric Theory, 20(5), 813-843.
  • Christoffersen, P. & Doyle, P. (1998). From Inflation and to Growth: Eight Years of Transition. IMF Working Paper, WP/98/100.
  • de Carvalho, A. R., Ribeiro, R. S. M. & Marques, A. M. (2018). Economic Development and Inflation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. International Review of Applied Economics, 32(4), 546-565.
  • Drukker, D., Gomis-Porqueraz, P. & Hernandez-Erme, P. (2005). Threshold Effects in the Relationship between Inflation and Growth: A New Panel Data Approach. MPRA Working Paper, No. 38225.
  • Ekinci, R., Tüzün, O. & Ceylan, F. (2020). The Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth. Experiences of Some Inflation Targeting Countries. Financial Studies, 24(1), 6-20.
  • Espinoza, R., Leon, H. & Prasad, A. (2010). Estimating the Inflation-Growth Nexus: A Smooth Transition Model. IMF Working Paper, No. WP/10/76.
  • Fakhri, H. (2011). Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth in Azerbaijani Economy: Is There Any Threshold Effect?. Asian Journal of Business and Management Sciences, 1(1), 1-11.
  • Fischer, S. (1981). Relative Shocks, Relative Price Variability, and Inflation. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, 381-441.
  • Fischer, S. (1993). The Role of Macroeconomic Factors in Growth. Journal of Monetary Economics, 32(3), 485-512.
  • Friedman, M. (1977). Nobel Lecture: Inflation and Unemployment. Journal of Political Economy, 85(3), 451-472.
  • Frimpong, J. M. & Oteng-Abayie, E. F. (2010). When Is Inflation Harmful? Estimating the Threshold Effect for Ghana. American Journal of Economics and Business Administration, 2(3), 232-239.
  • Güriş, S., Çağlayan, E. & Güriş, B. (2011). EViews ile Temel Ekonometri. İstanbul: DER Yayınları.
  • Ghosh, A. & Phillips, S. (1998). Inflation, Disinflation and Growth. IMF Working Paper, No. WP/98/68.
  • Gillman, M., Harris, M. N. & Matyas, L. (2004). Inflation and Growth: Explaining a Negative Effect. Empirical Economics, 29(1), 149-167.
  • Gokal, V. & Hanif, S. (2004). Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth. Reserve Bank of Fiji Working Paper, No. 2004/04.
  • Greene, W. H. (2003). Econometric Analysis (5th Ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Gylfason, T. & Herbertsson, T. T. (2001). Does Inflation Matter for Growth?. Japan and the World Economy, 13, 405-428.
  • Hansen, B. E. (1999). Threshold Effects in Non-Dynamic Panels: Estimation, Testing, and Inference. Journal of Econometrics, 93(2), 345-368.
  • Hansen, B. E. (2000). Sample Splitting and Threshold Estimation. Econometrica, 68(3), 575-603.
  • Jones, L. E. & Manuelli, R. E. (1995). Growth and the Effects of Inflation. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 19(8), 1405-1428.
  • Kaya, V. & Yılmaz, Ö. (2006). Bölgesel Enflasyon Bölgesel Büyüme İlişkisi: Türkiye İçin Zaman Serisi ve Panel Veri Analizleri. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 21(247), 62-78.
  • Khan, M. S. & Senhadji, A. S. (2001). Threshold Effects in the Relationship between Inflation and Growth. IMF Staff Papers, 48(1), 1-21.
  • Kremer, S., Bick, A. & Nautz, S. (2013). Inflation and Growth: New Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Threshold Analysis. Empirical Economics, 44, 861-878.
  • Levine, R. & Renelt, D. (1992). A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions. The American Economic Review, 82(4), 942-963.
  • Levine, R. & Zervos, S. J. (1993). What We Have Learned About Policy and Growth from Cross-Country Regressions?. The American Economic Review, 83(2), 426-430.
  • Lopez-Villavicencio, A. & Mignon, V. (2011). On the Impact of Inflation on Output Growth: Does the Level of Inflation Matter?. Journal of Macroeconomics, 33, 455-464.
  • Mubarik, Y. A. (2005). Inflation and Growth: An Estimate of the Threshold Level of Inflation in Pakistan. SBP Working Paper Series, No. 08.
  • Munir, Q., Mansur, K. & Furuoka, F. (2009). Inflation and Economic Growth in Malaysia. Asean Economic Bulletin, 26(2), 180-193.
  • Ndoricimpa, A. (2017). Threshold Effects of Inflation on Economic Growth in Africa: Evidence from a Dynamic Panel Threshold Regression. African Development Bank Group Working Paper Series, No. 249.
  • Omay, T. & Kan, E. Ö. (2010). Re-Examining the Threshold Effects in the Inflation-Growth Nexus with Cross-Sectionally Dependent Non-Linear Panel: Evidence from Six Industrialized Economies. Economic Modelling, 27, 996-1005.
  • Sarel, M. (1996). Nonlinear Effects of Inflation on Economic Growth. IMF Staff Papers, 43(1), 199-215.
  • Sekmen, T. & Topuz, S. G. (2019). Enflasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Eşik Değer Analizi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 255-270.
  • Sevinç, H. & Akıncı, M. (2015). Türkiye Ekonomisinde Bölgesel Enflasyonun Bölgesel Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Dost mu Yoksa Düşman nı?. 3. Uluslararası Bölgesel Kalkınma Konferansı, 15-16 Ekim 2015, Bingöl-Türkiye.
  • Sweidan, O. D. (2004). Does Inflation Harm Economic Growth in Jordan? An Econometric Analysis for the Period 1970-2000. International Journal of Applied Econometrics and Quantitative Studies, 1(2), 41-66.
  • Terzi, H. (2004). Türkiye’de Enflasyon ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi (1924-2002). Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(3), 59-75.
  • Tobin, J. (1965). Money and Economic Growth. Econometrica, 33(4), 671-684.
  • Tung, L. T. & Thanh, P. T. (2015). Threshold in the Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence in Vietnam. Asian Social Science, 11(10), 105-112.
  • Vaona, A. & Schiavo, S. (2007). Nonparametric and Semiparametric Evidence on the Long-Run Effects of Inflation on Growth. Economics Letters, 94, 452-458.
  • Vinayagathasan, T. (2013). Inflation and Economic Growth: A Dynamic Panel Threshold Analysis for Asian Economies. Journal of Asian Economics, 26, 31-41.
  • Yüce Akıncı, G. & Akıncı, M. (2016). Ters-U Hipotezi Bağlamında Ekonomik Büyüme, Finansal Kalkınma ve Gelir Eşitsizliği Mekanizmaları Üzerine. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 53(622), 61-78.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ekonometrik ve İstatistiksel Yöntemler, Büyüme, Enflasyon, Bölgesel Ekonomi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Merter Akıncı 0000-0002-5449-0207

Gönül Yüce Akıncı 0000-0002-5900-7114

Ömer Yılmaz 0000-0002-2951-8749

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: Özel Sayı

Kaynak Göster

APA Akıncı, M., Yüce Akıncı, G., & Yılmaz, Ö. (2023). Is Inflation a Trigger of Growth or a Harbinger of Economic Slowness? A Dynamic Threshold Model Analysis on 26 Sub-Regions of Turkey. Fiscaoeconomia, 7(Özel Sayı), 671-707. https://doi.org/10.25295/fsecon.1351453

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