The Arts and Crafts in the Triangle of Individualism, Collectivism and Industrialism: The Rise and Fall of the “Traditional Arts” Ideal in Europe

Öz

Nowadays, revitalization of the so-called “traditional arts” is in vogue in Turkey.

The penchant for the artistic crafts of the past aims to generate a counter-aesthetics as

part of the ideal of creating national identity, depending on the shapes of the past. This

paper suggests that from the beginning of the revitalization of artistic crafts in Britain

to the birth of modern industrial design in Germany, the short history of the “traditional

arts” must be taken into account in considerations of reviving the aesthetics of the past.

In the mid-Nineteenth Century, in Britain, the Arts and Crafts movement tried to revive

the collective hand production of the Medieval guilds. Despite the political-ideological

orientation of the Arts and Crafts movement, the continental Art Nouveau that emerged

as pure aesthetics around the turn of the century was usually devoid of such content. As a

consequence of the reconciliation of art as design aesthetics with the capitalist industrial

production, the history of handicrafts came to a halt in Europe.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• John Ruskin,Arts and Crafts,Deutsche Werkbund,Bauhaus,traditional arts

Ferdiyetçilik, Kolektivizm ve Sanayi Üçgeninde Sanat ve Zanaat: “Geleneksel Sanatlar” Meselesinin Avrupa’da Yükselişi ve Düşüşü

Öz

Son zamanlarda “geleneksel sanatlar”ın canlandırılması Türkiye’de önem kazanmış

olan bir konudur. Kadim zanaatların üretim yöntemlerine yönelik bu ilgi, genellikle millî

kimlik yaratma idealinin bir parçası olan ve geçmişin şekillerine dayanan bir karşı-estetik

meydana getirmek amacını taşır. Bu makalenin amacı, Britanya’da artizanal sanatların

canlandırılmaya başlamasından, Almanya’da modern endüstriyel tasarımın doğuşuna

kadar geçen sürede, “geleneksel sanatlar” meselesinin kısa tarihinin geçmişin estetiğini

canlandırma arayışlarında dikkate alınmasını önermektir. 19. Yüzyılın ortasında Britanya’da

ortaya çıkan Arts and Crafts hareketi, sanatçı ve zanaatçıların endüstriyelleşmiş

kapitalizm karşısında güçlerinin eriyip gitmesine duyulan tepkinin sonucunda, Ortaçağ

loncalarının kolektif el üretimini canlandırmayı denemişti. Arts and Crafts’ın siyasî-ideolojik

eğilimine karşılık, yüzyıl dönümünde kıta Avrupa’sında saf estetik bir hareket olarak

ortaya çıkan Art Nouveau, bu tür bir içerikten büyük ölçüde yoksundu. Sonuçta, sanatın

tasarım estetiği olarak kapitalist sanayi üretimiyle uzlaşmasıyla Avrupa’da el sanatları

hareketi sona ermiş oldu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• John Ruskin,Arts and Crafts,Deutsche Werkbund,Bauhaus,geleneksel sanatlar

Kaynakça

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