Determination of Resistance to Water-İnduced Damage of Bituminous Mixtures Containing Hydrated Lime Prepared with Different Contents of PVC Waste

Öz

Increasing commercial mobility throughout the world has increased the need for roads and as a result, new road networks have emerged. The pavement type of the highways constructed in our country consists of flexible pavements to a significant extent. Parameters such as the number of heavy vehicles, repeated loads as well as environmental and climatic conditions cause different deformations on flexible pavements. One of these deformations is water-induced damage. In particular, changing climatic conditions cause some regions to experience intense precipitation in a very short period of time, which they should receive throughout the year. As a result, flexible pavements are damaged and their service life becomes shorter than expected. With increasing environmental awareness, the use of some waste materials in bituminous mixtures has become an extremely important issue. In this study, bituminous materials modified with different Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) contents were mixed with properly graded aggregates and their resistance to water-induced damage has been evaluated. In addition, several performance tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of hydrated lime addition on the resistance of the samples to water-induced damage. In this context, the properties of the modified bitumen and aggregates were determined by performing conventional bitumen and aggregate tests. As the final objective of the study, Modified Lottman Test (AASHTO T 283) was performed on the mixtures to determine the effect of PVC addition to bituminous materials on resistance to water-induced damage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• PVC waste
• Bituminous mixtures
• Bitumen modification
• Water induced damage
• Modified Lottman test

Farklı İçeriklerde PVC Atığı ile Hazırlanan Sönmüş Kireç İçeren Bitümlü Karışımların Suya Bağlı Bozulmalara Karşı Direncinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Dünya genelinde artan ticari hareketlilik yollara olan ihtiyacı artırmış ve bunun sonucunda yeni yol ağları ortaya çıkmıştır. Ülkemizde inşa edilen karayollarının üstyapı tipi önemli ölçüde esnek kaplamalardan oluşmaktadır. Ağır taşıt sayısı, tekrarlanan yükler, çevre ve iklim koşulları gibi parametreler esnek kaplamalar üzerinde farklı deformasyonlara neden olmaktadır. Bu deformasyonlardan biri de su kaynaklı hasarlardır. Özellikle değişen iklim koşulları bazı bölgelerin yıl boyunca alması gereken yağışları çok kısa sürelerde yoğun olarak almasına neden olmaktadır. Bunun sonucunda esnek kaplamalar hasar görmekte ve hizmet ömürleri beklenenden daha kısa olmaktadır. Artan çevre bilinciyle birlikte, bazı atık malzemelerin bitümlü karışımlarda kullanılması son derece önemli bir konu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, farklı Polivinil Klorür (PVC) içerikleri ile modifiye edilmiş bitümlü malzemeler uygun gradasyonlu agregalar ile karıştırılmış ve su kaynaklı hasarlara karşı dirençleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, sönmüş kireç ilavesinin numunelerin su kaynaklı hasara karşı direnci üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmek için çeşitli performans testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, modifiye edilmiş bitüm ve agregaların özellikleri, geleneksel bitüm ve agrega testleri yapılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın son hedefi olarak, bitümlü malzemelere PVC ilavesinin su kaynaklı hasara karşı dirence etkisini belirlemek amacıyla karışımlara Modifiye Lottman (AASHTO T 283) Deneyi uygulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• PVC atığı
• Bitümlü karışımlar
• Bitüm modifikasyonu
• Suya bağlı bozulmalar
• Modifiye Lottman deneyi

Kaynakça

1. R. L. Terrel and S. Al-Swailmi “Water sensitivity of asphalt–aggregate mixes: test selection”, Strategic Highway Research Program, SHRP report A-403, National Research Council, 1994.
2. H. J. Fromm, “Mechanism of asphalt stripping from aggregate surfaces”, AAPT, vol. 43, pp. 191–223, 1974.
3. K. D. Stuart, “Moisture damage in asphalt mixtures: a state of art report”, Research Development and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 1990.
4. İ. Ç. Görkem and M. Özkan, “Muğla Mermerinin Esnek Üstyapılı Yol Kaplamalarında Kullanımının Performansa Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi, Suya Bağlı Bozulmalara Karşı Direncinin İncelenmesi”, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Enst. Derg., vol. 2, pp. 385-394, Apr. 2020.
5. M. Karaşahin and S. Terzi, “Evaluation of marble waste dust in the mixture of asphaltic concrete”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 616–620, Mar. 2007.
6. P. K. Gautam, P. Kalla, A. S. Jethoo, R. Agrawal, and H. Singh, “Sustainable use of waste in flexible pavement: A review”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 180, pp. 239–253, Aug. 2018.
7. P. Ahmedzade and B. Sengoz, “Evaluation of steel slag coarse aggregate in hot mix asphalt concrete”,J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 165, no. 1–3, pp. 300–305, Jun. 2009.
8. F. Moreno-Navarro, M. Sol-Sánchez and M. C. Rubio-Gámez, “Structural analysis of polymer modified bituminous materials in the rehabilitation of light-medium traffic volume roads,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 156, pp. 621–631, Dec. 2017.

9. L. Brasileiro, F. Moreno-Navarro, R. Tauste-Martínez, J. Matos and M. Rubio-Gámez, “Reclaimed Polymers as Asphalt Binder Modifiers for More Sustainable Roads: A Review”, Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 646, Jan. 2019.
10. Lu, X., Isacsson, U., “Modification of road bitumens with thermoplasticpolymers”, Polymer Testing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 77-86, September 2000.
11. M. A. Abdel-Goad, “Waste polyvinyl chloride-modified bitumen”, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 1501–1505, Aug. 2006.
12. A. Behl, G. Sharma, and G. Kumar, “A sustainable approach: Utilization of waste PVC in asphalting of roads”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 54, pp. 113–117, Mar. 2014.
13. S. Köfteci, P. Ahmedzade and B. Kultayev, “Performance evaluation of bitumen modified by various types of waste plastics”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 73, pp. 592–602, 2014.
14. S. Köfteci, P. Ahmedzade and B. Kultayev, “Performance evaluation of bitumen modified by various types of waste plastics”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 73, pp. 592–602, 2014.
15. A. Behl, G. Sharma, G. Kumar, “A sustainable approach: Utilization of waste PVC in asphalting of roads”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 54, pp. 113-117, March 2014.
16. M.N. Rahman, M. Ahmeduzzaman, M.A. Sobhan and T.U. Ahmed, “Performance evaluation of waste polyethylene and PVC on hot asphalt mixtures”, Am. J. Civ. Eng. Archit., vo1. 1, no. 5, pp. 97-102, 2013.
17. N. Salman and Z. Jaleel, “Effects of waste PVC addition on the properties of (40-50) grade asphalt”, MATEC Web Conf., EDP Sciences, 1046, 2018.
18. E.N. Ezzat and A.H. Abed, “Enhancement rheological properties of asphalt binder modified with hybrid polymers according to superpave system”, Mater. Today Proc., vol. 20, pp. 572-578, 2020.
19. Ç. Görkem and B. Sengoz, “Predicting stripping and moisture induced damage of asphalt concrete prepared with polymer modified bitumen and hydrated lime”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2227–2236, Jun. 2009.
20. A. D. Nataadmadja, E. Prahara, O. Setyandito and R. W. Ananditha, “Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt”, International Conference On Science And Applied Science (ICSAS) 2019, Surakarta, Indonesia, p. 020106, 2019.
21. M. Ameri, S. Kouchaki and H. Roshani, “Laboratory evaluation of the effect of nano-organosilane anti-stripping additive on the moisture susceptibility of HMA mixtures under freeze–thaw cycles”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 48, pp. 1009–1016, Nov. 2013.
22. A. Diab, D. Singh and J. C. Pais, “Moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures: A literature review”, 4th Conference of Transportation Research Group of India (CTRG), 2017.
23. D.-W. Park, W.-J. Seo, J. Kim and H. V. Vo, “Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixture using liquid anti-stripping agents”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 144, pp. 399–405, Jul. 2017.
24. E. R. Hunter, Evaluating moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixes. University of Wyoming, 2001.
25. Y.-R. Kim, I. Pinto, and S.-W. Park, “Experimental evaluation of anti-stripping additives in bituminous mixtures through multiple scale laboratory test results”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 29, pp. 386–393, Apr. 2012.
26. P. V. Peltonen, “Road Aggregate Choice Based on Silicate Quality and Bitumen Adhesion”, Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 50-61, January 1992.
27. National Lime Association, “Lime the versatile chemical hydrated lime: a solution for high performance hot mix asphalt”, fact sheet, 2003.
28. T. W. Kennedy and N. J. Anagnos, Lime treatment of asphalt mixtures, Center for Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1983.
29. D. G. Tunnicliff and R. E. Root, “Introduction of lime into asphalt concrete mixtures”, Interim guidelines, The Federal Highway Administration, 1984.
30. P. E. Sebaaly, D. N. Little and J. A. Epps, “The benefits of hydrated lime in hot mix asphalt”, National Lime Association, 2006.
31. M. Nazirizad, A. Kavussi and A. Abdi, “Evaluation of the effects of anti-stripping agents on the performance of asphalt mixtures”, Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 84, pp. 348–353, Jun 2015.
32. M. Solaimanian, J. Harvey, M. Tahmoressi and V. Tandon, “Test methods to predict moisture sensitivity of hot-mix asphalt pavements”, Transportation research board national seminar, San Diego, California, 77-110, 2003.
33. R. P. Lottman, “Predicting Moisture Induced Damage to Asphaltic Concrete”, Transportation Research Board, NCHRP Report 48-3, 1978.
34. KISAD, URL: https://kirec.org/haber/sicak_asfalt_karisimlara_kirec_katilmasi-h69, Visited on Feb. 27, 2024.
35. P. Ahmedzade, M. Yılmaz and M. Yılmaz, “Bitümlü bağlayıcıların yaşlandırılmasında kullanılan deney yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması”, Erciyes Üni.Fen Bilimleri Enst. Derg., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 112-126, Feb. 2007.
36. R. N. Traxler, “Durability of asphalt cements, proceedings, association of asphalt paving technologists”, vol. 32, pp 44-58, 1963.
37. K. B. Akalın, and M. Karacasu. "Çevresel atıklarla modifiye edilmiş sathi kaplamaların performansının agrega-bitüm ilişkisi bağlamında değerlendirilmesi", Fırat Üni. Müh. Bil. Derg., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 127-36, March 2020.