Carbon Tax-Aware Optimal Energy Management for Grid-Integrated Parking Facilities with Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles Supported by PV Generation

Öz

This study addresses the optimal energy management of a grid-connected parking lot integrating photovoltaic (PV) generation, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and EVs. The parking area is equipped to meet the charging demands of EVs, and hydrogen is produced for FCEVs via an electrolyzer located within the parking area. Both EV charging power and electrolyzer demand can be met flexibly from the PV system, energy storage system (ESS) or the electrical grid. The objective is to minimize total operational costs while incorporating the impact of carbon taxation. Due to the inclusion of carbon taxes, the proposed optimization framework inherently aims to reduce emissions during vehicle charging and hydrogen production processes. To address the problem, a mixed-integer linear programming-based optimization model is constructed and executed within the GAMS platform. The solution is obtained with the CPLEX solver. Results confirm that the proposed methodology effectively achieves cost reduction and emission mitigation by optimally coordinating PV energy generation, grid electricity usage, EV charging schedules, and hydrogen production. Results confirm that the proposed methodology effectively achieves cost reduction and emission mitigation by optimally coordinating PV energy generation, grid electricity usage, EV charging schedules, and hydrogen production. According to the results, a 21.63% saving was achieved in carbon emissions and carbon tax.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Carbon tax
• Charging stations
• Energy management
• Hydrogen vehicles
• Optimization

Destekleyen Kurum

No funding was received from any institution for this study.

Etik Beyan

"There is no need for an ethics committee approval for the prepared manuscript." "There is no conflict of interest with any individual or institution in the prepared manuscript."

Şebeke Entegreli Elektrikli Araç ve Hidrojenli Araçları İçeren Otoparklar İçin Karbon Vergisi Odaklı Optimal Enerji Yönetimi

Öz

Bu çalışma, fotovoltaik (PV) üretimi, elektrikli araçlar (EV) ve yakıt hücreli elektrikli araçlar (FCEV) içeren şebeke bağlantılı bir otoparkın optimal enerji yönetimini ele almaktadır. Otopark, EV’lerin şarj taleplerine cevap verecek şekilde donatılmış olup park alanındaki elektrolizör aracılığıyla FCEV’ler için hidrojen üretimi sağlanmaktadır. Hem EV şarj gücü hem de elektrolizör talebi, PV sisteminden, enerji depolama sisteminden (ESS) veya elektrik şebekesinden esnek bir şekilde karşılanabilmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, karbon vergisinin etkisini de dikkate alarak toplam işletme maliyetlerini en aza indirmektir. Karbon vergisinin dahil edilmesiyle birlikte, önerilen optimizasyon çerçevesi araç şarjı ve hidrojen üretimi süreçlerinde emisyonların azaltılmasını doğal olarak hedeflemektedir. Optimizasyon problemi, Karmaşık Tamsayılı Doğrusal Programlama (MILP) modeli olarak formüle edilmiş ve GAMS programı kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Çözüm, CPLEX çözücüsü ile elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, PV enerji üretimi, şebeke elektriği kullanımı, EV şarj zamanlamaları ve hidrojen üretiminin optimal şekilde eşgüdümüyle önerilen yöntemin maliyetleri düşürmede ve emisyonları azaltmada etkili olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, PV enerji üretimi, şebeke elektriği kullanımı, EV şarj zamanlamaları ve hidrojen üretiminin optimal şekilde eşgüdümüyle önerilen yöntemin maliyetleri düşürmede ve emisyonları azaltmada etkili olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Sonuçlara göre karbon emisyonundan ve karbon vergisinden %21.63 kar edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Karbon vergisi
• Şarj istasyonları
• Enerji yönetimi
• Hidrojenli araçlar
• Optimizasyon

Etik Beyan

"Hazırlanan yazı için etik kurul onayına gerek yoktur." "Hazırlanan yazıda herhangi bir kişi veya kurumla çıkar çatışması yoktur."

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