Araştırma Makalesi
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Sodyum Silikat ile Düşük Oranda Çimento İçeren Karışımların Reolojik Özellikleri

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 83 - 93, 28.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1714622
https://izlik.org/JA38MB86YR

Öz

Bu deneysel çalışmada, farklı oranlarda hazırlanmış çimento–sodyum silikat (C-SS) karışımlarının reolojik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Deneyler, 25 °C sıcaklıkta, toplam hacim üzerinden kütlece %3 ile %6 oranında çimento ilave edilerek, hacimce %30, %50 ve %70 sodyum silikat/çözelti (SS/S) oranlarına sahip karışımlar için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Reolojik özelliklerin belirlenmesine yönelik hazırlanan numuneler sabit hızda (100 rpm) karıştırılmıştır. Jelleşme deneylerinde reaktör olarak iki farklı çimento türü, Normal Portland Çimentosu (OPC) ve Ultra İnce Taneli Çimento (UFC) kullanılmıştır. Deneylerde kullanılan ve su camı olarak da bilinen sodyum silikat sıvı formdadır ve modülü 3’tür. OPC’ nin Blaine değeri 350 m²/kg iken, UFC’ nin Blaine değeri 900 m²/kg’dır. Daha yüksek Blaine değerine sahip olması nedeniyle, UFC-sodyum silikat karışımları, OPC-sodyum silikat karışımlarına kıyasla daha kısa jelleşme süresine sahiptir. Her iki çimento türü için de çimento oranı arttıkça jelleşme süresi azalmış; sodyum silikat oranı arttıkça ise jelleşme süresi artmıştır. Sinerez yüzdeleri, çimento oranı arttıkça azalmış; sodyum silikat oranının %50’ye kadar artmasıyla sinerez artmıştır ancak %50’den sonra azalma göstermiştir. Viskozite değerleri hem sodyum silikat oranının hem de çimento miktarının artmasıyla birlikte artmıştır. Bu deneysel çalışmada, literatüre kıyasla daha düşük çimento oranları kullanılarak sodyum silikat-çimento reaksiyonları sonucunda jelleşmenin gerçekleşebileceği gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bir diğer özgün yönü, silikat esaslı enjeksiyon karışımlarında reaktör olarak çimentonun da kullanılabilmesidir. Alternatif enjeksiyon malzemesi olarak kullanılabilecek bu karışımların reolojik özellikleri belirlenmiştir.

Etik Beyan

Hazırlanan makale için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir. Hazırlanan makalede herhangi bir kişi/kurumla çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • D. Christodoulou, P. Lokkas, I. Markou, A. Droudakis, I. Chouliaras and N. Alamanis, “Principles and developments in soil grouting: A historical review,” WSEAS Trans. Adv. Eng. Educ., vol. 18, pp. 175–191, 2021.
  • W. Zhang, S. Li, J. Wei, Q. Zhang, R. Liu, X. Zhang and H. Yin, “Grouting rock fractures with cement and sodium silicate grout,” Carbonates Evaporites, vol. 33, pp. 211–222, 2018.
  • S. Kazemian, B. B. Huat, T. A. Mohammed and M. Barghchi, “The effect of sodium silicate on cement–sodium silicate system grout,” in Mod. Methods Adv. Struct. Eng. Constr., vol. 1, pp. 659–663, 2011.
  • S. Kazemian, A. Prasad, B. B. Huat, T. A. Mohammed and F. N. Aziz, “Effect of cement, sodium silicate, kaolinite and water on the viscosity of the grout,” Sci. Res. Essays, vol. 5, no. 22, pp. 3434–3442, 2010.
  • E. Avci, E. Deveci and A. Gokce, “Effect of sodium silicate on the strength and permeability properties of ultrafine cement grouted sands,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 33, no. 8, p. 04021203, 2021.
  • M. K. Zamani, R. B. Hashim, M. Suhatril and S. Motamedi, “A review of chemical grouting by various types of materials,” 2015.
  • E. Avci and M. Mollamahmutoğlu, “Syneresis dependent shear strength parameters of sodium silicate grouted sands,” Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 99–109, 2019.
  • S. Kazemian, A. Prasad, B. B. Huat, V. Ghiasi and S. Ghareh, “Effects of cement–sodium silicate system grout on tropical organic soils,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., vol. 37, pp. 2137–2148, 2012.
  • E. Avcı, “Rheological properties of sodium silicate–formamide grouts,” J. Innov. Sci. Eng., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2017.
  • Z. Zhu, M. Wang, R. Liu, H. Zhang, C. Zhang and Y. Liu, “Study of the viscosity–temperature characteristics of cement–sodium silicate grout considering the time-varying behaviour of viscosity,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 306, p. 124818, 2021.
  • B. B. Huat, S. Kazemian and W. L. Kuang, “Effect of cement–sodium silicate grout and kaolinite on undrained shear strength of reinforced peat,” Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1221–1228, 2011.
  • G. Zhu, Q. Zhang, X. Lin, R. Liu, L. Zhang and J. Zhang, “Analysis of the sealing mechanism of cement–sodium silicate grout in rock fractures with flowing water,” Water, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1935, 2020.
  • R. Lin, L. Yang, G. Pan, Z. Sun and J. Li, “Properties of composite cement–sodium silicate grout mixed with sulphoaluminate cement and slag powder in flowing water,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 308, p. 125040, 2021.
  • C. Du, K. Shi, F. Yi, M. Wang and X. Jiang, “Degradation mechanism of cement–sodium silicate hardened grout bodies under ion erosion,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 446, p. 138009, 2024.
  • F. Meng, N. Qin, W. Wu, X. Shan and C. Li, “Research on the performance of cement–sodium silicate grout for synchronous grouting in shield tunnel,” in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Civil Archit. Struct. Eng. (ICCASE 2024), Atlantis Press, pp. 621–631, 2024.
  • H. H. Lee and H. Y. Jeon, “Manufacturing grout using recycled materials with variable setting times and improved durability,” in Tunnelling into a Sustainable Future–Methods and Technologies, CRC Press, pp. 3786–3791, 2025.
  • A. A. Govindan, Refining Materials Testing Methods for Chemical and Cementitious Grouts, Ph.D. dissertation, 2024.
  • J. Davidovits, “Geopolymers: Ceramic-like inorganic polymers,” J. Ceram. Sci. Technol., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 335–350, 2017.

Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 83 - 93, 28.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1714622
https://izlik.org/JA38MB86YR

Öz

In this experimental study, the rheological properties of cement-sodium silicate (C-SS) mixtures prepared at different ratios were investigated. The experiments were carried out by adding 3% to 6% cement by mass of the total volume to 30%, 50%, and 70% sodium silicate/solution (SS/S) mixing at 25 °C. The samples prepared for the rheological property determination experiments were mixed at a constant speed of 100 rpm. In the gelation experiments, two different cements, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and ultra-fine cement (UFC) were used as reactants. Sodium silicate, also known as water glass, was used in the experiments in liquid form, and its modulus was 3. The Blaine value of OPC was 350 m2/kg, whereas that of UFC was 900 m2/kg. UFC-sodium silicate mixtures have faster gelation times than OPC-sodium silicate mixtures due to their high Blaine values. For both cements, the gelation time was shortened as the cement ratio increased, and the gelation time was extended as the sodium silicate ratio increased. The syneresis percentages decreased as the cement ratio increased, whereas the sodium silicate ratio increased up to 50% and decreased after 50%. Viscosity values increased with increasing sodium silicate ratio and cement amount. In this experimental study, gelation reactions could be achieved as a result of sodium silicate-cement reactions using lower cement ratios than those reported in the literature. Another unique aspect of the study is that cement can also be used as a reactant to prepare silicate grouts. The rheological properties of these mixtures, which can be used as alternative grout materials were determined.

Etik Beyan

Ethics committee permission is not required for the prepared article. There is no conflict of interest with any person/institution in the prepared article.

Kaynakça

  • D. Christodoulou, P. Lokkas, I. Markou, A. Droudakis, I. Chouliaras and N. Alamanis, “Principles and developments in soil grouting: A historical review,” WSEAS Trans. Adv. Eng. Educ., vol. 18, pp. 175–191, 2021.
  • W. Zhang, S. Li, J. Wei, Q. Zhang, R. Liu, X. Zhang and H. Yin, “Grouting rock fractures with cement and sodium silicate grout,” Carbonates Evaporites, vol. 33, pp. 211–222, 2018.
  • S. Kazemian, B. B. Huat, T. A. Mohammed and M. Barghchi, “The effect of sodium silicate on cement–sodium silicate system grout,” in Mod. Methods Adv. Struct. Eng. Constr., vol. 1, pp. 659–663, 2011.
  • S. Kazemian, A. Prasad, B. B. Huat, T. A. Mohammed and F. N. Aziz, “Effect of cement, sodium silicate, kaolinite and water on the viscosity of the grout,” Sci. Res. Essays, vol. 5, no. 22, pp. 3434–3442, 2010.
  • E. Avci, E. Deveci and A. Gokce, “Effect of sodium silicate on the strength and permeability properties of ultrafine cement grouted sands,” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., vol. 33, no. 8, p. 04021203, 2021.
  • M. K. Zamani, R. B. Hashim, M. Suhatril and S. Motamedi, “A review of chemical grouting by various types of materials,” 2015.
  • E. Avci and M. Mollamahmutoğlu, “Syneresis dependent shear strength parameters of sodium silicate grouted sands,” Q. J. Eng. Geol. Hydrogeol., vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 99–109, 2019.
  • S. Kazemian, A. Prasad, B. B. Huat, V. Ghiasi and S. Ghareh, “Effects of cement–sodium silicate system grout on tropical organic soils,” Arab. J. Sci. Eng., vol. 37, pp. 2137–2148, 2012.
  • E. Avcı, “Rheological properties of sodium silicate–formamide grouts,” J. Innov. Sci. Eng., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2017.
  • Z. Zhu, M. Wang, R. Liu, H. Zhang, C. Zhang and Y. Liu, “Study of the viscosity–temperature characteristics of cement–sodium silicate grout considering the time-varying behaviour of viscosity,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 306, p. 124818, 2021.
  • B. B. Huat, S. Kazemian and W. L. Kuang, “Effect of cement–sodium silicate grout and kaolinite on undrained shear strength of reinforced peat,” Electron. J. Geotech. Eng., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1221–1228, 2011.
  • G. Zhu, Q. Zhang, X. Lin, R. Liu, L. Zhang and J. Zhang, “Analysis of the sealing mechanism of cement–sodium silicate grout in rock fractures with flowing water,” Water, vol. 12, no. 7, p. 1935, 2020.
  • R. Lin, L. Yang, G. Pan, Z. Sun and J. Li, “Properties of composite cement–sodium silicate grout mixed with sulphoaluminate cement and slag powder in flowing water,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 308, p. 125040, 2021.
  • C. Du, K. Shi, F. Yi, M. Wang and X. Jiang, “Degradation mechanism of cement–sodium silicate hardened grout bodies under ion erosion,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 446, p. 138009, 2024.
  • F. Meng, N. Qin, W. Wu, X. Shan and C. Li, “Research on the performance of cement–sodium silicate grout for synchronous grouting in shield tunnel,” in Proc. 8th Int. Conf. Civil Archit. Struct. Eng. (ICCASE 2024), Atlantis Press, pp. 621–631, 2024.
  • H. H. Lee and H. Y. Jeon, “Manufacturing grout using recycled materials with variable setting times and improved durability,” in Tunnelling into a Sustainable Future–Methods and Technologies, CRC Press, pp. 3786–3791, 2025.
  • A. A. Govindan, Refining Materials Testing Methods for Chemical and Cementitious Grouts, Ph.D. dissertation, 2024.
  • J. Davidovits, “Geopolymers: Ceramic-like inorganic polymers,” J. Ceram. Sci. Technol., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 335–350, 2017.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Emre Deveci 0000-0003-3841-4391

Eyübhan Avcı 0000-0001-7206-0158

Melih Uysal 0000-0001-6449-8854

Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 13 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1714622
IZ https://izlik.org/JA38MB86YR
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Deveci, E., Avcı, E., & Uysal, M. (2026). Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, 5(1), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1714622
AMA 1.Deveci E, Avcı E, Uysal M. Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering. 2026;5(1):83-93. doi:10.62520/fujece.1714622
Chicago Deveci, Emre, Eyübhan Avcı, ve Melih Uysal. 2026. “Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts”. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering 5 (1): 83-93. https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1714622.
EndNote Deveci E, Avcı E, Uysal M (01 Şubat 2026) Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering 5 1 83–93.
IEEE [1]E. Deveci, E. Avcı, ve M. Uysal, “Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts”, Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, c. 5, sy 1, ss. 83–93, Şub. 2026, doi: 10.62520/fujece.1714622.
ISNAD Deveci, Emre - Avcı, Eyübhan - Uysal, Melih. “Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts”. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering 5/1 (01 Şubat 2026): 83-93. https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1714622.
JAMA 1.Deveci E, Avcı E, Uysal M. Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering. 2026;5:83–93.
MLA Deveci, Emre, vd. “Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts”. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, c. 5, sy 1, Şubat 2026, ss. 83-93, doi:10.62520/fujece.1714622.
Vancouver 1.Emre Deveci, Eyübhan Avcı, Melih Uysal. Rheological Properties of Lightly Cemented Sodium Silicate Grouts. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering. 01 Şubat 2026;5(1):83-9. doi:10.62520/fujece.1714622