Büyük Depremler Sonrasında Yığma Yapılarda Görülen Tipik Hasar Mekanizmaları

Öz

Bu çalışma, 1992 ile 2023 yılları arasında Türkiye'deki yığma binaların sismik performansını incelemekte ve büyük depremler sonrasında yapılan hasar değerlendirmelerine odaklanmaktadır. Belirlenen yaygın hasar mekanizmaları arasında, duvarların düzlem dışı göçmesi, dik duvarlar arasındaki bağlantıların yetersizliği, uygunsuz duvar açıklıkları ve hatıl eksikliği yer almaktadır. Kırsal yığma yapılarda sıklıkla kullanılan ağır sıkıştırılmış toprak damlar, atalet kuvvetlerini artırarak sismik zayıflığı önemli ölçüde artırmaktadır. Moloz taşlarının düzensiz kullanımı ve harcın yetersiz aderansı, yapısal bozulmanın erken başlamasına neden olmuştur. Çalışma, yığma binaların sismik dayanıklılığını artırmak için iyileştirilmiş inşaat uygulamaları, deprem yönetmeliklerine uyum ve etkili güçlendirme stratejilerinin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Geçmiş depremlerden alınan dersler, mühendisler ve politika yapıcılar tarafından, gelecekteki depreme dayanıklı yığma yapı inşaatları için daha sağlam yönergeler geliştirilmesini sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yığma yapılar
• Yapısal hasar
• Deprem performansı
• Donatısız yığma
• Hasar mekanizmaları

Typical Damage Patterns In Masonry Structures After Various Major Earthquakes

Öz

This study examines the seismic performance of masonry buildings in Turkey between 1992 and 2023, focusing on damage assessments after major earthquakes. Common failure mechanisms identified include out-of-plane wall collapse, inadequate connections between perpendicular walls, improper wall openings, and the absence of bond beams. Heavy compacted clay roofs, often used in rural masonry structures, contribute significantly to seismic vulnerability by increasing inertial forces. The irregular use of rubble stones and insufficient mortar adherence led to early structural degradation. The study emphasizes the need for improved construction practices, compliance with seismic codes, and effective retrofitting strategies to enhance the seismic resilience of masonry buildings. Lessons learned from past earthquakes can enable engineers and policymakers to develop more robust guidelines for future earthquake-resistant masonry construction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Masonry structures
• Structural damage
• Earthquake performance
• Unreinforced masonry
• Failure mechanisms

Kaynakça

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