Araştırma Makalesi
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Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 218 - 230, 28.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1740580
https://izlik.org/JA75FH94KL

Öz

This study investigates the influence of source parameter variability—specifically stress drop and anelastic attenuation—on site response analysis using the Random Vibration Theory (RVT) framework. Site amplifications were computed for a representative site in the Aegean region of Türkiye using four different source parameter sets based on regional literature. A single set of randomized Vs profiles was used to account for subsurface variability, while varying source models enabled the evaluation of epistemic uncertainty in site amplification. The epistemic uncertainty associated with source parameters, expressed as τ_"source" , peaks at approximately 0.04 s, reflecting the sensitivity of high-frequency site response to stress drop and attenuation. The study provides a regionally calibrated quantification of source-parameter-driven epistemic uncertainty for the Aegean region. The findings emphasize the need to account for source-related uncertainty in seismic hazard assessment. Unlike most previous RVT-based studies, this work explicitly isolates and quantifies the effect of stress drop and attenuation on site amplification, highlighting a novel contributor to epistemic uncertainty. Future work should incorporate Monte Carlo simulation of source parameters to support PSHA applications.

Etik Beyan

“Ethics committee permission is not required for the prepared article” “ There is no conflict of interest with any person/institution in the prepared article.”

Kaynakça

  • G. A. Parker, J. P. Stewart, Y. M. Hashash, E. M. Rathje, K. W. Campbell and W. J. Silva, “Empirical linear seismic site amplification in central and eastern North America,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 849–881, 2019.
  • Y. M. Hashash, O. Ilhan, J. A. Harmon, G. A. Parker, J. P. Stewart, E. M. Rathje, K. W. Campbell and W. J. Silva, “Nonlinear site amplification model for ergodic seismic hazard analysis in Central and Eastern North America,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 69–86, 2020.
  • K. J. Ulmer, A. Rodriguez-Marek and R. A. Green, “Accounting for epistemic uncertainty in site effects in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 2005–2020, 2021.
  • A. Rodriguez-Marek, J. J. Bommer, R. R. Youngs, M. J. Crespo, P. J. Stafford and M. Bahrampouri, “Capturing epistemic uncertainty in site response,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 921–936, 2021.
  • D. Assimaki, W. Li, J. Steidl and J. Schmedes, “Quantifying nonlinearity susceptibility via site-response modeling uncertainty at three sites in the Los Angeles Basin,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 2364–2390, 2008.
  • S. Foti, F. Passeri and A. Rodriguez-Marek, “Uncertainties and variabilities in seismic ground response analyses,” in Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth, A. Michelini, Ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2019, ch. 9, pp. 245–280.
  • A. R. Kottke and E. M. Rathje, Technical Manual for Strata Version 1.0, PEER Rep. 2010/111, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010.
  • M. A. Sandıkkaya, S. Akkar, Ö. Kale and E. Yenier, “A simulation-based regional ground-motion model for Western Türkiye,” Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 3221–3249, 2023.
  • A. Akıncı, S. D’Amico, L. Malagnini and A. Mercuri, “Scaling earthquake ground motions in western Anatolia, Turkey,” Phys. Chem. Earth, vol. 63, pp. 124–135, 2013.
  • A. Akıncı, D. Cheloni and A. A. Dindar, “The 30 October 2020, M7.0 Samos Island (Eastern Aegean Sea) earthquake: Effects of source rupture, path and local-site conditions on the observed and simulated ground motions,” Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol. 19, pp. 4745–4771, 2021.
  • E. Gök, “Source parameters and scaling relations of local earthquakes from a strong motion network in İzmir, Western Turkey,” Pure Appl. Geophys., vol. 176, no. 8, pp. 3391–3409, 2019.
  • G. R. Toro, “Probabilistic models of site velocity and thickness for regional seismic hazard analyses,” NUREG/CR-6728, U.S. Nucl. Regulatory Commission, 1995.
  • L. Al Atik, N. Abrahamson, J. J. Bommer, F. Scherbaum and A. Kottke, “Non-ergodic site response in seismic hazard analysis,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 939–955, 2014.
  • Y. M. A. Hashash, J. J. Rathje, C. B. Moss, J. T. Baise and K. E. Campbell, Recommendations for Site Response Modeling in Seismic Hazard Analysis: Issues and Guidance, PEER Rep. 2010/05, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010.
  • A. R. Kottke, N. A. Abrahamson, D. M. Boore, Y. Bozorgnia, C. A. Goulet, J. Hollenback, T. Kishida, O. J. Ktenidou, E. M. Rathje, W. J. Silva and E. M. Thompson, “Selection of random vibration theory procedures for the NGA-East project and ground-motion modeling,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 37, no. 1, Suppl., pp. 1420–1439, 2021.
  • A. Akıncı, L. Malagnini, R. B. Herrmann, R. Gök and M. B. Sørensen, “Ground motion scaling in Marmara region, Turkey,” Geophys. J. Int., vol. 166, no. 2, pp. 635–651, 2006.
  • A. Köseoğlu, N. M. Özel, Ş. Barış, S. B. Üçer and L. Ottemöller, “Spectral determination of source parameters in the Marmara Region,” J. Seismol., vol. 18, pp. 651–669, 2014.
  • G. Tanırcan, H. Miyake, H. Yamanaka and O. Özel, “Large stress release during normal-faulting earthquakes in western Turkey supported by broadband ground motion simulations,” Pure Appl. Geophys., vol. 177, pp. 1969–1981, 2020.
  • T. O. Kurtulmuş and N. Akyol, “Crustal attenuation characteristics in western Turkey,” Geophys. J. Int., vol. 195, no. 2, pp. 1384–1394, 2013.
  • D. Bindi, S. Parolai, S. Grosser, C. Milkereit and S. Karakış, “Crustal attenuation characteristics in northwestern Turkey in the range from 1 to 10 Hz,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 200–214, 2006.
  • Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Guidelines for Determining Design Basis Ground Motions, Early Site Permit Demonstration Program, vol. 1, Rep. RP3302, Palo Alto, CA, USA, 1993.

Kaynak Parametrelerindeki Değişkenliğin RVT Tabanlı Zemin Tepkisi Analizine Etkisi: Türkiye Ege Bölgesi Örneği

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 218 - 230, 28.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1740580
https://izlik.org/JA75FH94KL

Öz

Bu çalışmada, kaynak parametrelerindeki değişkenliğin—özellikle gerilme düşümü (stress drop) ve anelastik azalım—zemin tepkisi analizine etkisi, Rastgele Titreşim Teorisi (Random Vibration Theory, RVT) yöntemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Analizler, Türkiye'nin Ege Bölgesi'nde yer alan temsili bir saha için, literatürde bildirilen dört farklı kaynak parametresi seti ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Zemin profillerindeki belirsizliği temsil etmek amacıyla tek bir rastgeleleştirilmiş Vs profili seti kullanılmış, bu profiller tüm senaryolar için sabit tutulmuştur. Kaynak parametrelerine bağlı epistemik belirsizlik (τkaynak) yaklaşık 0.04 saniye civarında en yüksek değere ulaşmakta olup, bu durum yüksek frekanslı saha tepkisinin gerilme düşümü ve sönümleme parametrelerine duyarlılığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, Ege Bölgesi için kaynak parametrelerinden kaynaklanan epistemik belirsizliğin bölgesel olarak kalibre edilmiş bir nicelendirmesini sunmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, deprem tehlike analizlerinde kaynakla ilişkili belirsizliklerin dikkate alınmasının gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Daha önceki RVT tabanlı çalışmaların çoğundan farklı olarak, bu çalışma gerilme düşümü ve sönümlemenin saha büyütmesi üzerindeki etkisini açık biçimde ayırıp nicel olarak ortaya koymakta ve epistemik belirsizliğe yeni bir katkı kaynağına işaret etmektedir. Gelecekteki çalışmalar, kaynak parametrelerinin Monte Carlo simülasyonunu içerecek şekilde genişletilerek olasılıksal sismik tehlike analizi (PSHA) uygulamalarına destek sağlamalıdır.

Etik Beyan

“Hazırlanan makale için etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.” “Hazırlanan makalede herhangi bir kişi/kurumla çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır.”

Kaynakça

  • G. A. Parker, J. P. Stewart, Y. M. Hashash, E. M. Rathje, K. W. Campbell and W. J. Silva, “Empirical linear seismic site amplification in central and eastern North America,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 849–881, 2019.
  • Y. M. Hashash, O. Ilhan, J. A. Harmon, G. A. Parker, J. P. Stewart, E. M. Rathje, K. W. Campbell and W. J. Silva, “Nonlinear site amplification model for ergodic seismic hazard analysis in Central and Eastern North America,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 69–86, 2020.
  • K. J. Ulmer, A. Rodriguez-Marek and R. A. Green, “Accounting for epistemic uncertainty in site effects in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 111, no. 4, pp. 2005–2020, 2021.
  • A. Rodriguez-Marek, J. J. Bommer, R. R. Youngs, M. J. Crespo, P. J. Stafford and M. Bahrampouri, “Capturing epistemic uncertainty in site response,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 921–936, 2021.
  • D. Assimaki, W. Li, J. Steidl and J. Schmedes, “Quantifying nonlinearity susceptibility via site-response modeling uncertainty at three sites in the Los Angeles Basin,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 98, no. 5, pp. 2364–2390, 2008.
  • S. Foti, F. Passeri and A. Rodriguez-Marek, “Uncertainties and variabilities in seismic ground response analyses,” in Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogeneous Earth, A. Michelini, Ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2019, ch. 9, pp. 245–280.
  • A. R. Kottke and E. M. Rathje, Technical Manual for Strata Version 1.0, PEER Rep. 2010/111, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010.
  • M. A. Sandıkkaya, S. Akkar, Ö. Kale and E. Yenier, “A simulation-based regional ground-motion model for Western Türkiye,” Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 3221–3249, 2023.
  • A. Akıncı, S. D’Amico, L. Malagnini and A. Mercuri, “Scaling earthquake ground motions in western Anatolia, Turkey,” Phys. Chem. Earth, vol. 63, pp. 124–135, 2013.
  • A. Akıncı, D. Cheloni and A. A. Dindar, “The 30 October 2020, M7.0 Samos Island (Eastern Aegean Sea) earthquake: Effects of source rupture, path and local-site conditions on the observed and simulated ground motions,” Bull. Earthq. Eng., vol. 19, pp. 4745–4771, 2021.
  • E. Gök, “Source parameters and scaling relations of local earthquakes from a strong motion network in İzmir, Western Turkey,” Pure Appl. Geophys., vol. 176, no. 8, pp. 3391–3409, 2019.
  • G. R. Toro, “Probabilistic models of site velocity and thickness for regional seismic hazard analyses,” NUREG/CR-6728, U.S. Nucl. Regulatory Commission, 1995.
  • L. Al Atik, N. Abrahamson, J. J. Bommer, F. Scherbaum and A. Kottke, “Non-ergodic site response in seismic hazard analysis,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 939–955, 2014.
  • Y. M. A. Hashash, J. J. Rathje, C. B. Moss, J. T. Baise and K. E. Campbell, Recommendations for Site Response Modeling in Seismic Hazard Analysis: Issues and Guidance, PEER Rep. 2010/05, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Univ. California, Berkeley, CA, USA, 2010.
  • A. R. Kottke, N. A. Abrahamson, D. M. Boore, Y. Bozorgnia, C. A. Goulet, J. Hollenback, T. Kishida, O. J. Ktenidou, E. M. Rathje, W. J. Silva and E. M. Thompson, “Selection of random vibration theory procedures for the NGA-East project and ground-motion modeling,” Earthq. Spectra, vol. 37, no. 1, Suppl., pp. 1420–1439, 2021.
  • A. Akıncı, L. Malagnini, R. B. Herrmann, R. Gök and M. B. Sørensen, “Ground motion scaling in Marmara region, Turkey,” Geophys. J. Int., vol. 166, no. 2, pp. 635–651, 2006.
  • A. Köseoğlu, N. M. Özel, Ş. Barış, S. B. Üçer and L. Ottemöller, “Spectral determination of source parameters in the Marmara Region,” J. Seismol., vol. 18, pp. 651–669, 2014.
  • G. Tanırcan, H. Miyake, H. Yamanaka and O. Özel, “Large stress release during normal-faulting earthquakes in western Turkey supported by broadband ground motion simulations,” Pure Appl. Geophys., vol. 177, pp. 1969–1981, 2020.
  • T. O. Kurtulmuş and N. Akyol, “Crustal attenuation characteristics in western Turkey,” Geophys. J. Int., vol. 195, no. 2, pp. 1384–1394, 2013.
  • D. Bindi, S. Parolai, S. Grosser, C. Milkereit and S. Karakış, “Crustal attenuation characteristics in northwestern Turkey in the range from 1 to 10 Hz,” Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 200–214, 2006.
  • Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Guidelines for Determining Design Basis Ground Motions, Early Site Permit Demonstration Program, vol. 1, Rep. RP3302, Palo Alto, CA, USA, 1993.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Abdullah İçen 0000-0002-7721-1186

Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 24 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1740580
IZ https://izlik.org/JA75FH94KL
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA İçen, A. (2026). Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, 5(1), 218-230. https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1740580
AMA 1.İçen A. Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering. 2026;5(1):218-230. doi:10.62520/fujece.1740580
Chicago İçen, Abdullah. 2026. “Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye”. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering 5 (1): 218-30. https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1740580.
EndNote İçen A (01 Şubat 2026) Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering 5 1 218–230.
IEEE [1]A. İçen, “Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye”, Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, c. 5, sy 1, ss. 218–230, Şub. 2026, doi: 10.62520/fujece.1740580.
ISNAD İçen, Abdullah. “Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye”. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering 5/1 (01 Şubat 2026): 218-230. https://doi.org/10.62520/fujece.1740580.
JAMA 1.İçen A. Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering. 2026;5:218–230.
MLA İçen, Abdullah. “Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye”. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering, c. 5, sy 1, Şubat 2026, ss. 218-30, doi:10.62520/fujece.1740580.
Vancouver 1.Abdullah İçen. Effect of Source Parameter Variability on RVT-Based Site Response Analysis: A Case Study for the Aegean Region of Türkiye. Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering. 01 Şubat 2026;5(1):218-30. doi:10.62520/fujece.1740580